A+OSA活性污泥工艺剩余污泥减量特性研究

采用自动热量计对Anoxic (A) + oxic-settling-anaerobic(OSA)系统解偶联池进出污泥进行热值分析,以考察污泥量变动与能值变动的相互关系;通过解偶联池参数调整,了解污泥减量趋势,结合能量和物质平衡与常规水质指标测试,推测减量途径和特性.结果表明,解偶联池水力停留时间为5.56、 7.14和9 h时,整个系统污泥减量分别为1.236、 0.771和0.599 g/d.进出解偶联池的污泥含能水平发生了变化,随停留时间增加出流污泥的单位热值有高于进流污泥单位热值的趋势：5.56 h时,进出水热值没有显著差异;7.14 h时,进出水热值差值在99～113 J/g之间;9 h时,差值在191～329 J/g之间.解偶联池发生了污泥的衰减,停留时间延长,衰减程度越高.A+OSA系统污泥减量是解偶联池污泥衰减与AO主体反应区污泥产生率变化共同作用的结果.     

原生颗粒污泥单级自养脱氮工艺处理污泥压滤液的研究

在长期运行的处理污泥压滤液的气提亚硝化反应器中发现了单级自养脱氮反应,并形成了具有自养脱氮性能的原生颗粒污泥.以原生颗粒污泥启动并运行了单级自养脱氮反应器,对污泥压滤液进行脱氮处理取得了良好效果.进水总氮浓度为350 mg.L-1左右时,总氮平均去除率为74.81%,最高达86.92%,总氮平均去除负荷(以N计,下同)为0.68 kg.(m3.d)-1,最高达0.90 kg.(m3.d)-1.投加粉末活性炭后单级自养脱氮反应得到强化,运行稳定性得到提高.进水基质浓度、氮负荷及曝气量对自养脱氮反应影响较大.污泥压滤液中的有机物、pH值和碱度对单级自养脱氮反应影响较小.曝气量/ΔTN、曝气量/ΔNH4+-N及ΔALK/ΔTN比值可作为单级自养脱氮反应重要的运行指标.     

两级SBR工艺去除磷、氮及有机物效能分析

以模拟生活污水为处理对象,在常温条件下,采用对比试验与机制分析方法,研究了两级SBR工艺分级除磷、去除有机物及脱氮的特性,分析了工艺的效能优势.结果表明,通过控制泥龄(除磷级5~7 d,脱氮级约50 d),可以将异养的PAOs与硝化菌分别控制在2个反应器中优势生长,在出水水质更优的情况下,系统的处理效率可比单级SBR提高1倍以上;两级SBR系统可以有效地缓解有机负荷对硝化过程的冲击影响,在进水COD浓度较高的情况下,能够保持其脱氮级(SBS2)具有稳定的硝化速率,且系统的最终出水可以容易并稳定地达到TP≤0.5 mg.L-1的国家标准;另外,两级SBR的脱氮级(SBS2)除具有优势的硝化菌种外,还能培养出适合降解难降解有机物的异养菌,使其好氧硝化结束时COD浓度较单级SBR系统更低.     

Using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model animal for assessing the toxicity induced by microcystin-LR

Among more than 75 variants of microcystin(MC),microcystin-LR(MC-LR) is one of the most common toxins.In this study,the feasibility of using Caenorhabditis elegans to evaluate MC-LR toxicity was studied.C.elegans was treated with MC-LR at different concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 80 μg/L.The results showed that MC-LR could reduce lifespan,delay development,lengthen generation time,decrease brood size,suppress locomotion behavior,and decreases hsp-16-2-gfp expression.The endpoints of generation time,brood...     

SBR法常、低温下生活污水短程硝化的实现及特性

采用序批式反应器(SBR)处理实际生活污水,通过实时控制好氧曝气时间,在常温下快速实现短程硝化,并在低温下长期维持稳定的短程硝化.结果表明,随着温度逐渐降低,比氨氧化速率略微减缓,27℃的平均比氨氧化速率是13℃时的1.68倍,但亚硝化积累率始终维持在90%以上,该温度区间内氨氧化反应的温度系数为1.051.通过荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术对低温下维持稳定短程硝化的污泥进行种群分析发现,实时控制策略为氨氧化菌(AOB)成为优势硝化菌群创造了有利条件,AOB的相对百分含量达到8%~9%,而亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)逐渐被淘洗出反应器.在低温下要实现短程硝化,可首先在常温下利用好氧曝气时间实时控制实现亚硝态氮的积累和AOB的优势生长,然后通过逐渐降温使AOB适应在低温下生长.     

Characterization of organic matter in total suspended particles by thermodesorption and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

The organic matter in tropospheric aerosol plays an important role in atmospheric physical and chemical processes. The bulk of organic matter, representing a significant proportion of the total suspended particulate (TSP) mass, is bound to polymeric material whose structure and properties are largely unknown. Here we used thermodesorption gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Td- GC/MS) to study organic compounds of low molecular mass and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) to characterize the chemical structure of macromolecules in TSP samples collected in di erent seasons from di erent sites in Guangzhou. n-Alkanes, fatty acids and nitriles were the predominant compounds in the thermodesorption products, whereas aromatics, fatty acids, nitriles and n-alkanes/alkenes were the major compounds in the pyrolysates. The results indicated that aromatics were main units in macromolecules. The fatty acids and nitriles formed from carboxylic ammonium salts were detected in both thermodesorption products and pyrolysates at a certain concentration, indicating the importance of these compounds in TSP formation. The TSP source mainly determined the occurrence of compounds in samples from urban, suburban and forest sites, whereas the TSP source and formation process maybe controlled the seasonal variation in compounds detected. High levels of nitriles in summer samples from suburban and forest sites coincide with the release of ammonium from the land and of fatty acids from vegetation at these sites.     

一株好氧反硝化菌的反硝化性能研究

从长期运行的生物滤塔中筛选出一株好氧反硝化菌株A1,经鉴定为恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonas putida。文章目的是对A1的反硝化特性进行研究,结果表明A1菌株在好氧条件下能有效去除培养液中的硝酸盐氮,24h脱氮率可达到94.84%。C/N对菌株A1的好氧反硝化能力有很大影响,当C/N>5时,基本能够进行完全的反硝化。和其他已报道的好氧反硝化菌相比,A1菌株有着更高的氧耐受浓度。菌株A1能够以硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐和氧气为电子受体进行协同呼吸,硝酸盐呼吸和亚硝酸盐呼吸都具有较高的脱氮效率,并且亚硝酸盐呼吸要较硝酸盐呼吸更容易进行。以丁二酸盐、葡萄糖和乙酸盐作为碳源时,其脱氮效果均要明显好于乙醇作为碳源。     

改良A~2/O工艺预缺氧池中的脱氮作用和机理

改良A2/O工艺中预缺氧池有较强的脱氮作用,其脱氮作用占整个系统氮去除率的15.11%。通过对预缺氧池氮元素进行物料平衡,分析和证实改良A2/O预缺氧池中可以发生厌氧氨氧化反应,可以有效减少能耗和降低运行成本,这对我国污水厂的改造,提高出水水质,具有积极意义。     

城市垃圾渗滤液中的高浓度氨氮处理技术

介绍了垃圾渗滤液中高浓度氨氮处理的必要性及最新进展,提出降低成本、减少二次污染、操作简单、运行稳定高效、符合我国国情是今后研究解决的重点,也是其能否实际推广应用的关键.     

废水生物脱氮新工艺

介绍了短程硝化-反硝化、厌氧氨氧化和分段进水生物脱氮3种污水生物脱氮新工艺的原理和特点,并对每一种工艺的影响因子进行了分析,为废水生物脱氮工艺的研究提供了新的方向.