硝基节香烃废水处理技术研究进展

本文综述了硝基芳香烃废水处理技术的研究现状及在实际工程中的应用现状，这些技术的原理主要基于物理、化学、生物等方面的作用。同时本文还展望了此类废水处理技术的应用前景，采用生理处理及其他多种处理方法协同作用已成为发展趋势。     

珠海市秋季大气挥发性有机物变化趋势和大气化学反应活性

为探究珠海市大气挥发性有机物（VOCs）的来源和影响,制定有效的臭氧控制政策,本研究利用在线气相色谱-质谱仪/火焰离子检测器（Online-GC-MS/FID）于2016年9-10月对珠海市大气中96种VOCs进行了测量,并分析了珠海市大气VOCs的组成特征、日变化趋势、来源及其对臭氧生成的贡献.研究结果表明：珠海市大气VOCs中烷烃的体积混合比最高,其次为芳香烃;烷烃、芳香烃日变化趋势明显,具有双峰特征;珠海市大气中丙烷、异戊二烯和芳香烃分别来自于液化石油气（LPG）、天然源和工业排放.通过反向轨迹分析发现,来自珠三角内陆地区的气团传输对珠海VOCs污染具有重要贡献,其对臭氧生成潜势（OFP）的影响主要来自芳香烃.VOCs活性分析表明,芳香烃和烷烃是珠海市OFP的最主要贡献者,其中甲苯、间/对二甲苯和乙烯是对OFP贡献最大的物种,因此控制人为源VOCs排放是未来珠海市臭氧污染控制的重点.     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in rain and street runoff in Amman, Jordan

Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) were determined in the rain and street runoff samples from two sites in the vicinity of Amman City during the pluvial period 1999--2000. The results showed that elevated levels of PAHs were detected in the city center(site 1 ) than the residential area( site 2) and that the levels were higher in street runoff than rain samples of the same sites. The highest concentration of PAHs in both street runoff and rain samples were observed in the first rainy month( November 1999) which indicated a wash out effect of PAHs originating from vehicular emission accumulated during the long dry summer season before sampling. Within the investigated cold winter seasons, fluctuations in PAHs concentration were observed. The variation was attributed to the fossil combustion for heating purposes and to intervals between rainfalls: as the longer the intervals between rains were, the higher the PAH concentration were. Removal of PAHs from the atmosphere through precipitation over the investigated period varied with time and places depending on the amount of rainfall where higher rainfall removed higher amount of PAHs from the almosphere. The amount of PAHs washed out through precipitation was estimated to be around 14.8 mg/m^2 and 21.1 mg/m^2 for sites 1 and 2 respectively.     

危险化学品活性反应危害及混配危险的规则研究(Ⅲ)

卤代烃活性概述 活性特点: 1.烃分子中的氢被卤素取代后的化合物称卤代烃,一般用(R-X)表示.X表示卤素(F、Cl、Br、I).按卤素所连接的烃基不同,可分为饱和卤代烃、不饱和卤代烃与卤代芳香烃;按卤代烃分子中所含卤素的数目,又可分为一卤、二卤、多卤代烃;按卤素所连接的碳原子不同,又可分为一级、二级、三级卤代烃.     

反向PCR法克隆芳香烃龙胆酸降解途径中诱导型龙胆酸1,2-加双氧酶基因

龙胆酸1,2-加双氧酶(GDO)是芳香烃龙胆酸途径的一个关键酶.产碱假单胞菌P25X具有保守性与诱导性各一组GDO同工酶,突变株SNZ28的保守型龙胆酸1,2加双氧酶基因(GDOⅠ)被链霉素/奇霉素抗性基因打断,但在含有龙胆酸盐的基本培养基上,仍能明显观察到GDO的活性.由龙胆酸诱导生长的SNZ28全蛋白二维电泳结果分析,获得了一个与Ralstoniasp.U2的GDO酶有极高同源性的蛋白点.根据对该蛋白点的N端和Q-Tof测序的结果,设计了一对简并引物,克隆了诱导型GDO酶的片段,通过对此片段的分析,设计了逆向PCR引物,利用Southern blot杂交,确定了合适的限制性内切酶(SalⅠ和SphⅠ),以单一酶切的P25X基因组DNA自联后的产物为模板,进行反向PCR.测序表明,获得了一段1047bp与Ralstoniasp.U2.的龙胆酸1,2-加双氧酶具有极高同源性的序列.研究结果揭示了SNZ28中存在诱导型GDO酶.本文中也对不同来源的GDO酶进行了比较研究,其结果为进一步对生物降解基因的进化研究打下了基础.图4表2参16     

卷烟烟气对机体的氧化损伤

吸烟是目前世界上影响最广泛的公害之一，可导致多种肺部疾病。现有研究表明，氧化损伤是吸烟引发健康问题的重要原因之一。卷烟烟气本身含有大量自由基，测定表明，一支烟所产生的烟雾约含有10^15个自由基，其中气相中有烷氧基（RO·）、烷过氧基（ROO·）及烷基（R·）等，焦油相中有半醌自由基和芳香烃自由基等，     

苯和甲苯硝化及磺化反应热危险性分级研究

首先介绍了化工工艺热安全性的内涵,并从反应过程热危险性分析的方法学出发,介绍间隙、半间歇化学反应工艺热危险性分级研究的总体思路及方法。然后,围绕甲苯和苯的硝化、磺化反应,用全自动反应量热仪(RC1e)和加速度量热仪(ARC)测定其反应过程的绝热温升(△Tad)、目标反应所能达到的最高温度(TM)、分解反应最大速率到达时间(θD)等参数。运用风险评价指数矩阵法(方法1)和基于失控过程温度参数的热危险评估法(方法2)分别对其硝化和磺化反应过程的热危险性进行了分级评估。结果表明,这两种方法具有良好的一致性;给定工艺条件下甲苯和苯的一段硝化反应过程的热危险度等级较低;而磺化反应的热危险较高。尽管这两种方法还有一定的局限性,但对于间歇、半间歇合成工艺的本质安全化设计、工艺热危险性的评估具有重要的参考价值和实用意义。     

Phytoremediation for phenanthrene and pyrene contaminated soils

Phytoremediation of soil contaminated with phenanthrene and pyrene was investigated using twelve plant species. Plant uptake nd accumulation of these chemicals were evaluated. At the end of the experiment(45 d), the remaining respective concentrations of soil henanthrene and pyrene in spiked vegetated soils, with initial phenanthrene of 133.3 mg/kg and pyrene of 171.5 mg/kg, were 8.71-16.4 nd 44.9-65.0 mg/kg, generally 4.7%-49.4% and 7.1%-35.9% lower than their concentrations in the non-vegetated soils. The loss f phenanthrene and pyrene in vegetated spiked soils were 88.2%-93.0% and 62.3%-73.8% of the added amounts of these ontaminants, respectively. Although plant uptake and accumulation of these compounds were evident, and root concentrations and RCFs(root concentration factors; defined as the ratio of PAH concentrations in roots and in the soils on a dry weight basis) of these compounds ignificantly positively correlated to root lipid contents, plant uptake and accumulation only accounted for less than 0.01% and 0.23% of the nhanced loss of these chemicals in vegetated versus non-vegetated soils. In contrast, plant-promoted microbial biodegradation was the ominant mechanism of the phytoremediation for soil phenanthrene and pyrene contamination. Results from this study suggested a easibility of the establishment of phytoremediation for soil PAH contamination.     

离子液体改性活性炭对芳香烃的吸附性能

采用浸渍法和嫁接法分别将1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺盐（[Bmim]TFSI）、丙基三辛基鏻四氟硼酸盐（[P（C₃H₇）（C₈H₁₇）₃]BF₄）和丙基三辛基鏻双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺盐（[P（C₃H₇）（C₈H₁₇）₃]TFSI）负载于活性炭上。对产物进行了热重和孔结构分析,并以气相甲苯和二甲苯为代表物,研究了其对芳香烃的静态和动态吸附性能。研究结果表明：活性炭经离子液体改性后,能显著提高其对芳香烃的吸附性能;其中 [P（C₃H₇）（C₈H₁₇）₃]TFSI和[P（C₃H₇）（C₈H₁₇）₃]BF₄）浸渍改性活性炭的甲苯静态吸附量较大,分别为782 mg/g和777 mg/g （25 ℃,0.1 MPa）;[P（C₃H₇）（C₈H₁₇）₃]BF₄浸渍改性活性炭对于3种二甲苯异构体的吸附量最大,且排序依次为邻二甲苯>间二甲苯>对二甲苯。吸附动力学研究表明,在较高的甲苯初始浓度和较低的气体流量下,[P（C₃H₇）（C₈H₁₇）₃]TFSI浸渍改性活性炭具有更好的吸附性能。     

烟气中芳香烃吸附脱除技术研究进展

芳香烃(Aromatic hydrocarbon)是大气环境中组成复杂、普遍存在的一类持久性有机污染物,其中多环芳烃(PAHs)和苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯(BTEX)等物质不仅能够参与光化学氧化物、酸雨的形成,同时还具有突出的"三致"效应,严重危害生态环境和人体健康。因此,控制烟气中芳香烃特别是PAHs和BTEX的排放已成为国内外大气和环境科学界共同关注的前沿热点问题之一。在烟气气态芳香烃的净化技术中,吸附技术以其在脱除效果、能耗和实用性等方面显示出的独有优势,已成为控制烟气中微量有机污染物最具潜力的技术之一。通过综合国内外近年来在利用吸附技术脱除烟气中芳香烃的研究,从吸附剂的选择、吸附过程的影响机理、吸附剂的改性以及数学模型等4个方面,阐述吸附技术在该领域的研究进展和未来的发展方向。