Fe3O4/TiO2-H2O2非均相类Fenton体系对3，4-二氯三氟甲苯的降解

用Fe_3O_4/Ti O_2-H_2O_2体系对3,4-二氯三氟甲苯(3,4-DCBTE)进行降解反应研究,同时考察了pH值、催化剂投加量、H_2O_2投加量、温度等因素对3,4-DCBTE降解效率的影响.实验结果表明,Fe_3O_4/Ti O_2-H_2O_2非均相类Fenton体系对3,4-二氯三氟甲苯的处理效果极佳;并且在H_2O_2投加量为45.0 mg·L~(-1)、Fe_3O_4/TiO_2的物质的量比为1∶1、pH=3.0、温度为40.0℃的条件下反应效果最佳,去除率高达99.1%.同时从实验结果可以看出,pH在2.0~7.0范围内该体系对3,4-二氯三氟甲苯均有降解效果,说明该体系相比于传统的Fenton体系有较宽的pH适用范围.目标污染物的降解符合一级反应动力学,其发生反应所需的活化能为36.9 k J·mol~(-1).     

TiO2/g-C3N4在泡沫陶瓷表面的负载及光催化空气净化性能增强

以市售P25(TiO_2)和g-C_3N_4为原料,以多孔氧化铝泡沫陶瓷为载体,进行了负载型光催化组件的设计与环境应用.运用浸渍提拉-热处理法制备负载P25/g-C_3N_4的泡沫陶瓷组件,对其微结构进行了表征测试,并将其应用于空气中NO的去除.结果表明,P25/g-C_3N_4在氧化铝泡沫陶瓷表面负载牢固,P25/g-C_3N_4禁带结构匹配有利于光生电荷的分离.研究了P25/g-C_3N_4比例对光催化性能的影响,当g-C_3N_4占P25的量为30%时,负载组件的光催化性能最佳,对NO的去除率达到79.6%.在5次循环反应后,负载型光催化剂表现出良好的稳定性.本研究为P25/g-C_3N_4复合光催化剂的空气净化应用提供了思路和技术基础.     

外加微量N2H4下SBR中硝化微生物特性

运行实验室规模单级硝化序批式反应器(SBR),研究长期外加微量N_2H_4(约3 mg·L~(-1))对硝化污泥中功能微生物好氧氨氧化菌(AOB)、亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)的影响.结果表明,外加微量N_2H_4的硝化污泥中,AOB主要属于亚硝化球菌(Nitrosococcu)属和亚硝化单胞菌(Nitrosomonas)属,另有少部分属于亚硝化螺旋菌(Nitrosospira)属,NOB属于硝化杆菌(Nitrobacter)属.外加微量N_2H_4前后,AOB amoA基因拷贝数(以干污泥计)由1.0×10~9copies·g~(-1)减少为2.09×10~4copies·g~(-1),NOB nxrB基因拷贝数由1.28×10~7copies·g~(-1)减少为2.56×10~5copies·g~(-1).AOB对环境因素较NOB相比更为敏感,N_2H_4对硝化微生物的抑制与毒性作用使外加微量N_2H_4的硝化污泥中AOB流失幅度大于NOB,但定量PCR方法无法准确比较N_2H_4对AOB与NOB活性抑制的强弱.长期外加微量N_2H_4破坏硝化微生物活性,使反应器崩溃.因此在没有厌氧氨氧化菌(AnAOB)消耗N_2H_4的亚硝化系统中,企图通过调控外加N_2H_4浓度水平抑制NOB活性,从而进一步洗脱NOB提高脱氮性能可能无法实现.     

活性炭负载Co3O4活化过一硫酸盐降解金橙G

通过浸渍煅烧法制备活性炭负载Co的活化剂(Co/AC),采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及X射线能谱仪(EDS)技术对活化剂进行表征,发现Co主要以Co_3O_4的形式负载于活性炭表面,并利用Co/AC活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)产生硫酸根自由基(SO_4~-·)降解偶氮染料金橙G(OG),研究了活化反应机制及不同因素对OG降解的影响.结果表明,SO_4~-·在OG降解过程中起主要作用,并且随Co/AC用量、PMS浓度、温度的提高,OG降解效率明显增加.反应初始pH对降解OG有较大影响,当p H在4~8范围内,SO_4~-·均能有效降解OG,但在强酸碱条件下,则不利于OG降解.Cl~-对活化降解OG具有双重作用,低浓度时抑制降解,而在高浓度时促进降解.Co/AC在重复使用6次时仍具有较好活化性能.通过紫外可见光谱及气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)对OG降解过程及中间产物进行了分析.     

甲烷氧化菌在填埋场覆盖层中的工程应用(Ⅱ):基质选择性及长效性

针对已筛选获得的甲烷氧化混合菌,选取填埋场覆盖土(LCS)、矿化垃圾(AR)和塘渣(TZ)3种填埋场周边易得的材料为供试生存基质,从基质选择性及长效性角度进行了甲烷减排应用条件的探究及使用效能评估.结果表明,在TZ、LCS、AR、TZ-AR和LCS-AR这5种生存基质中,TZ-AR最适合甲烷氧化混合菌的生长,且TZ与AR的复配比例以5∶5为最佳.甲烷氧化混合菌在TZ-AR的粒径≤4 mm和含水率为20%时具有最高甲烷氧化能力.一次性接种甲烷氧化混合菌在静态体系中的最佳使用有效期为31 d.其在接种量为0.08、0.16、0.20 m L·g-1和0.25m L·g-1时甲烷氧化速率无明显差异,从工程应用角度而言,8%的接种量为最佳.     

三江平原泥炭沼泽孔隙水甲烷浓度变化动态及其影响因子

湿地土壤孔隙水甲烷浓度变化动态对于揭示湿地碳循环过程具有重要作用.于2012年和2013年对三江平原毛苔草泥炭沼泽不同土壤深度孔隙水甲烷浓度的季节变化动态进行监测,并分析了其关键影响因子.结果表明:植物生长季孔隙水甲烷浓度呈单峰变化趋势,不同土层甲烷浓度峰值(80.45~490.95μmol·L-1)主要集中在湿润的生长季末,但年际间存在显著差异;从土壤剖面来看,土壤融通之后,孔隙水中甲烷浓度随着土壤深度的增加而增加;土壤表层(5 cm和10 cm)甲烷浓度主要受到株高(R2=0.6,p=0.005)和土壤充水孔隙率(R2=0.36,p=0.01)的影响,而深层(20~40 cm)甲烷浓度主要受到土壤温度等因素的综合影响.研究还表明,表层土壤孔隙水甲烷浓度能够解释生长季甲烷排放通量变化的26%~60%,而且短期的极端降雨事件可能不会对甲烷浓度以及甲烷排放产生即时影响,而是出现大约一周的延迟(time lag)现象,这主要取决于实际土壤湿度.     

芳香族化合物在XAD-4上吸附机理的研究

通过批量吸附实验考查了7种芳香族化合物在XAD-4上的吸附热力学行为.结果表明,在实验条件下,Freundlich方程能很好地拟合这7种化合物在XAD-4上的等温吸附数据,且都为优惠吸附,吸附能力均随着温度的升高而降低.结合7种化合物的分子结构描述符和Freundlich方程的吸附平衡常数,建立了QSPR模型,较高的可决系数R2(0.991)、去一法交互检验可决系数R2CV(0.985)和外部预测集交互检验系数Q2ext(0.994)表明,该模型具有较高的稳定性能和预测能力.模型结果表明,水杨酸等7种芳香族化合物在XAD-4上的Freundlich吸附平衡常数与溶质疏水性能呈正比关系,与温度、溶质分子极性和溶质分子的氢键酸度常数呈反比关系.     

Synthesis, crystal structure, photodegradation kinetics and photocatalytic activity of novel photocatalyst ZnBiYO4

ZnBiYO₄ was synthesized by a solid-state reaction method for the first time. The structural and photocatalytic properties of ZnBiYO₄ were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance. ZnBiYO₄ crystallized with a tetragonal spinel structure with space group I41/A. The lattice parameters for ZnBiYO₄ were a = b = 11.176479 Å and c= 10.014323 Å. The band gap of ZnBiYO₄ was estimated to be 1.58 eV. The photocatalytic activity of ZnBiYO₄ was assessed by photodegradation of methyl orange under visible light irradiation. The results showed that ZnBiYO₄ had higher catalytic activity compared with N-doped TiO₂ under the same experimental conditions using visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange with ZnBiYO₄ or N-doped TiO₂ as catalyst followed first-order reaction kinetics, and the first-order rate constant was 0.01575 and 0.00416 min^-1 for ZnBiYO₄ and N-doped TiO₂, respectively. After visible light irradiation for 220 min with ZnBiYO₄ as catalyst, complete removal and mineralization of methyl orange were observed. The reduction of total organic carbon, formation of inorganic products, SO₄^2- and NO₃^-, and evolution of CO₂ revealed the continuous mineralization of methyl orange during the photocatalytic process. The intermediate products were identified using liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry. The ZnBiYO₄/(visible light) photocatalysis system was found to be suitable for textile industry wastewater treatment and could be used to solve other environmental chemical pollution problems.     

Enhanced bio-decolorization of 1-amino-4-bromoanthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid by Sphingomonas xenophaga with nutrient amendment

Bacterial decolorization of anthraquinone dye intermediates is a slow process under aerobic conditions. To speed up the process, in the present study, effects of various nutrients on 1-amino-4-bromoanthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid (ABAS) decolorization by Sphingomonas xenophaga QYY were investigated. The results showed that peptone, yeast extract and casamino acid amendments promoted ABAS bio-decolorization. In particular, the addition of peptone and casamino acids could improve the decolorization activity of strain QYY. Further experiments showed that L-proline had a more significant accelerating effect on ABAS decolorization compared with other amino acids. L-Proline not only supported cell growth, but also significantly increased the decolorization activity of strain QYY. Membrane proteins of strain QYY exhibited ABAS decolorization activities in the presence of L-proline or reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, while this behavior was not observed in the presence of other amino acids. Moreover, the positive correlation between L-proline concentration and the decolorization activity of membrane proteins was observed, indicating that L-proline plays an important role in ABAS decolorization. The above findings provide us not only a novel insight into bacterial ABAS decolorization, but also an L-proline-supplemented bioaugmentation strategy for enhancing ABAS bio-decolorization.     

3-甲基-4-硝基酚对公鸡睾丸早期发育的影响

研究环境内分泌干扰物3-甲基-4-硝基酚(3-methyl-4-nitrophenol,PNMC)对公鸡睾丸早期发育的影响。48只1 d龄白羽公鸡随机分成3个组,分别为对照组、10和100 mg·L-1PNMC处理组,连续饮水42 d。检测公鸡的生长性能、睾丸重量和指数、睾丸的结构变化、血清激素水平和睾丸中CYP17A1及其相关基因的表达情况。结果显示:与对照组相比,10 mg·L-1PNMC处理组显著降低公鸡的生长性能;睾丸重量和睾丸指数均无显著性变化;睾丸细精管生精细胞均有不同程度的空泡兼或脱落;血清孕酮和雌二醇水平均无显著性差异,睾酮水平随饮水中PNMC浓度的升高呈递减的趋势;公鸡睾丸中CYP17A1、HSD3B2和CYP19A1有升高的趋势,HSD17B4在10 mg·L-1PNMC组呈降低的趋势,在100 mg·L-1PNMC组呈升高的趋势。结果表明:饮水中添加10 mg·L-1PNMC显著影响了公鸡的生长性能;饮水中添加100 mg·L-1PNMC引起公鸡睾丸细精管生精细胞变性、坏死,造成结构病理损伤,从而对生殖系统造成损伤。