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81.
A concise modeling approach using long-term averaged meteorological data was developed to estimate site-specific concentrations of congeners of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) near a solid waste incinerator. This approach consists of calculation of atmospheric dispersion, dry and wet deposition of gaseous and particle-bound congeners, and non-steady-state concentrations in soil. The predictability of this approach was evaluated by comparison of calculated concentrations of congeners in soil with those measured at eight locations near a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI). The variation of these concentrations due to variability of meteorological parameters is small. A considerable number of mean values show good agreement with measured concentrations within a factor of three. The reasonable agreement between calculated and measured concentrations indicates that algorithms for the calculation of vapor-phase deposition and non-steady-state concentrations in soil must be included in the modeling approach for an accurate estimation of the concentrations of congeners of PCDD/Fs emitted from MSWIs to the atmosphere. For a detailed estimation of site-specific concentrations, it is important to specify the bulk density of soil in the evaluated area, together with meteorological parameters. 相似文献
82.
The crucial parameter used to calculate turbulence effects upon light waves propagating through the atmosphere is known as
the structure constant, . As Tatarski has shown, this parameter depends upon the “outer scale” of the inertial sub-range of the turbulence. Recently
there have been successful predictions of astronomical “seeing” conditions at Mauna Kea Astronomical Observatory which have
increased interest in this subject and in the use of the so-called “Dewan Optical Turbulence Model”. In the case of the Air
Force, there has been a longstanding need for such optical turbulence prediction, especially in the stratosphere. In the past
researchers have used a relation due to Tatarski, (which plays a prominent role in this model) in order to deduce values of
the “outer scale” from measurements. When doing this, they have been surprised to find values very much smaller than expected. The goal of the paper
is to explain this unexpected result. As we will show, this result can be explained by two factors: (a) the average turbulent
layer thicknesses are smaller than originally believed, and, more importantly, (b) only a minor fraction of the stratosphere
is turbulent. In order to arrive at this conclusion, we used the high-resolution (10 m) wind profiles that were originally
used to formulate the previously mentioned optical turbulence model.
The U.S. Government’s right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty-free license in and to any copyright is acknowledged. 相似文献
83.
提出将单项污染物测值反映的信息量表示为相对重要性和将单项污染物的相对重要性综合为多项污染物的综合相对重要性的计算公式。根据测点信息的综合相对重要性,再用主成分子集合选择法优化选点。该方法不仅减少了计算量,也易于确定多项污染物的综合优化点。该方法用于贵阳市大气环境测点优选出的测点能反映该市的环境质量。 相似文献
84.
提出了大气污染物观测是与分析中的一种新的方法——趋势面方法。这种用多项式函数模拟的趋势面可以找出城市大气降尘的总的趋势变化,还可以找出受局部因素影响具有局部特点的变化。 相似文献
85.
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87.
人为排放气溶胶引起的辐射强迫研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
利用建立的大气气溶胶辐射强迫模式,对我国历年大气气溶胶(TSP和硫酸盐气溶胶)引起的直接辐射强迫进行了计算,并给出其全国分布。得到了一些有意义的结果:我国大气气溶胶引起的辐射强迫与我国能源,特别是燃煤的消耗量密切相关,随着消耗量的增加,大气气溶胶(TSP和硫酸盐气溶胶粒子)引起的辐射强迫也增加;指出在利用辐射模式讨论大气气溶胶引起的直接辐射强迫时,不能忽视扬尘和沙尘的作用;我国由于大气气溶胶引起的直接辐射强迫主要集中在工业比较发达的城市或地区,四川盆地由于其特殊的地理位置和气候条件,在该地区因大气气溶胶产生的辐射强迫始终比较大。 相似文献
88.
89.
Xiaolan Li Guiqian Tang Liguang Li Weijun Quan Yangfeng Wang Ziqi Zhao Ningwei Liu Ye Hong Yanjun Ma 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(3):300-310
Visibility observed at different altitudes is favorable to understand the causes of air pollution. We conducted 4-years of observations of visibility at 2.8 and 60 m and particulate matter(PM) concentrations from 2015 to 2018 in Shenyang, a provincial city in Northeast China. The results indicated that visibility increased with the increasing height in winter(especially at night), and decreased with height in summer(especially at the daytime). PM concentration exhibited opposite vertical variati... 相似文献
90.
涂层大气腐蚀的模糊综合评定 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7
此文将模糊理论应用于涂层的大气腐蚀试验,针对对比性腐蚀试验结果,提出了涂层保护性能大气腐蚀模糊综合评定方法。本法具有简捷、迅速、准确等优点。 相似文献