Temporal constraints and female preference for burrow width in the fiddler crab, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Uca mjoebergi</Emphasis>

We studied sampling behaviour and mate choice in the fiddler crab Uca mjoebergi. Once a female selects a mate, she copulates in his burrow and remains there until releasing her aquatic larvae. U. mjoebergi occurs in habitats that are inundated only by the highest amplitude spring tides. Females can only release their larvae during these tides, and release before or after will result in complete failure of reproductive effort. Matings occur over a 5-day period near the end of neap tides. Our results suggest that within the mating period, females adjust their larval developmental rates by selecting specific burrows in which to incubate their clutches. We found that at the start of the mating period, females chose larger males as mates. Since male size was positively correlated to burrow width, females were selecting wide burrows and effectively incubating at lower temperatures. This would slow down the developmental rates of larvae. In contrast, females that mated late in the mating period selectively chose small males. By incubating in narrower, warmer burrows, these females may increase the developmental rates of larvae. We propose that females are selecting burrows to influence incubation rate and ensure timely release of their larvae. Female U. mjoebergi appear to adjust their preference for the direct benefits of mate choice to increase their reproductive success.     

清洁发展机制项目运作关键问题分析与管理对策研究

清洁发展机制（CDM）项目要想能够顺利通过一系列审查并最终获得减排量,需要特别重视项目运作流程中的关键环节。针对中国CDM项目审批数量少,通过率低,耗费时间长等问题,本文在分析CDM内涵及项目运作流程的基础上,指出了中国CDM项目运作中面临的主要问题,提出了相应的管理对策与建议,期望能够为中国推进CDM项目实施提供帮助。     

浅谈节约型城市的构建

构建节约型社会是实现城市可持续发展的必然要求。节约型城市的构建应通过转变经济增长模式、推行循环经济、加强节能科技的创新,发展替代能源,同时结合政策手段、宣传教育和法律手段来实现。     

生态足迹模型修正的初步探讨

针对生态足迹应用于区域可持续发展评价的不足之处,采取理论拓展、与其他指标结合、引入基于时间尺度的定量指标等方法,对生态足迹模型的修正进行了初步探讨,为生态足迹模型更好地应用于区域可持续性评价提供了科学指导,为进一步的实例研究提供了理论依据。     

加强节能减排 促进自治区科学发展

本文通过学习实践,对深入贯彻落实科学发展观进行了积极探索,为促进自治区节能减排和环境保护事业的发展,提出了一些看法和建议。     

推进工业领域污染防治的实施战略研究

通过对工业污染防治面临的主要问题以及未来工业绿色发展态势和国家环境保护严峻形势进行深入分析,指出"十三五"是中国工业面临转型升级的重要战略机遇期,并重点从推动生产方式绿色化、发展节能环保产业、推进清洁生产和循环经济、强化污染防治力度等方面提出了工业行业在推进污染防治工作中的总体思路和发展战略。     

基于生态足迹我国三大经济圈可持续发展能力研究

本文基于当前国际上流行的生态足迹(Ecological Footprint,简称EF)模型,以可持续发展理论、区域经济学理论、生态经济理论等相关理论为基础,理论分析与实证分析、定性分析与定量分析相结合的原则,采用社会经济各相关部门的统计数据、相关研究报告的资料,针对中国东部地区三大经济圈的实际情况,建立了区域可持续发展评价指标,评价了三大经济圈的可持续发展能力,明确了当前三大经济圈社会经济发展所处的状态、存在的问题,研究结果可以为制定保证三大经济圈社会、经济实现可持续发展的政策提供科学依据和指导.研究表明,我国三大经济圈可持续发展能力较差,内部的经济与环境不协调性以及不合理的经济结构是制约三大经济圈可持续发展的主要问题.     

Uncertainties in a risk management context in early phases of offshore petroleum field development

The current risk management approach for the Norwegian offshore petroleum industry came into effect in 2001 and has been stable with minor changes for 15 years. Relatively few new installations were slated for development until quite recently, and several new projects have been started in the last few years. The paper considers the risk management approach in the pre-FEED phase and builds on two case studies selected from the most recent cases. These case studies have been evaluated with respect to how uncertainties are considered in the early phase, based on the submission of the Plan for Development and Operation, their evaluations by authorities and the supporting documents. Both case studies involve new concepts for which there is no experience from similar environments and/or water depths. In spite of what could have been expected, the case studies conclude that uncertainties have not been in focus at all during concept development. This appears to be definitely the case for the licensees, but also to be the case for the authorities. Some suggestions are presented for what could have been considered by the licensees and authorities.     

Establishing the green neighbourhood: approaches to neighbourhood-scale sustainability certification in Portland,Oregon

ABSTRACT

While local governance is widely acknowledged as an important element in the pursuit of sustainability, local action alone is insufficient to produce lasting change. One recent solution to this quandary has been the production of certification frameworks that encourage sustainable development at the neighbourhood scale by providing local actors with standardised definitions of sustainable practices. While these frameworks facilitate the spread of sustainable development strategies between local communities, there are significant contrasts between their approaches to encouraging local sustainable development that simultaneously fulfils global objectives. This article explores these contrasts through two neighbourhood-scale sustainability certification frameworks: LEED for Neighborhood Development (LEED-ND) and the EcoDistricts Protocol. Analysis of these frameworks in the context of two centrally-located neighbourhoods in Portland, Oregon, reveals substantial contrasts between the two frameworks in terms of the relative flexibility of their sustainability metrics, the time frame over which decisions regarding sustainable development are made, and community involvement in the process of pursuing specific objectives. Furthermore, it suggests that greater flexibility in the application of standards, continuous governance, and greater community involvement lead to more dynamic and holistic forms of sustainability that evolve as both local community needs and broader understandings of sustainability change over time.