The interception effect of heavy metals in different types of Chinese fir plantations

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The aim of this research is to investigate the interception effect of heavy metals, such as zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd)...     

Antibiotic resistance genes in manure-amended paddy soils across eastern China: Occurrence and influencing factors

• Manure fertilization resulted in antibiotic residues and increased metal contents. • The tet and sul genes were significantly enhanced with manure fertilization. • Soil physicochemical properties contributed to 12% of the variations in ARGs. • Soil metals and antibiotics co-select for ARGs. Pig manure, rich in antibiotics and metals, is widely applied in paddy fields as a soil conditioner, triggering the proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soil. However, comprehensive studies on the effects of manure fertilization on the abundance of ARGs and their influencing factors are still insufficient. Here, pig manure and manure-amended and inorganic-amended soils were collected from 11 rice-cropping regions in eastern China, and the accumulation of antibiotics, metals, and ARGs was assessed simultaneously. The results showed that manure fertilization led to antibiotic residues and increased the metal content (i.e., Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cr). Tetracycline and sulfonamide resistance genes (tetM, tetO, sul1, and sul2) were also significantly enhanced with manure fertilization. According to variance partitioning analysis, the most important factors that individually influenced ARGs were soil physicochemical properties, accounting for 12% of the variation. Significant correlations between soil nutrients and ARGs indicated that manure application enhanced the growth of resistant microorganisms by supplying more nutrients. Metals and antibiotics contributed 9% and 5% to the variations in ARGs, respectively. Their co-occurrence also increased the enrichment of ARGs, as their interactions accounted for 2% of the variation in ARGs. Interestingly, Cu was significantly related to most ARGs in the soil (r = 0.26–0.52, p<0.05). Sulfapyridine was significantly related to sul2, and tetracycline resistance genes were positively related to doxycycline. This study highlighted the risks of antibiotic and ARG accumulation with manure fertilization and shed light on the essential influencing factors of ARGs in paddy soils.     

施用不同尿素对稻季不同层次土壤溶液中氮形态的影响

在太湖地区乌栅土上,利用大型原状土柱比较研究了不同尿素品种、施肥量(0、普通尿素150、300和包膜尿素100、150 kg·hm-2,以N计算)处理对稻季不同层次(30、65、80 cm)土壤氮素动态变化的影响.结果表明:所有处理渗漏水中NO3--N质量浓度均低于饮用水标准,常规施肥未显著增加氮的淋溶损失;各处理在不同层次土壤均发生反硝化作用;包膜尿素促进土壤反硝化强度,在65 cm和80 cm处尤为明显.施用包膜尿素可能增强浅层地下水的反硝化作用而降低水体NO3--N质量浓度.其影响机理及在对其它类型土壤上氮素淋失和反硝化的影响,值得进一步研究.     

衡阳盆地紫色土丘陵坡地自然恢复灌丛阶段主要种群空间分布格局

运用植被生态学与恢复生态学的原理与方法,在衡阳盆地紫色土丘陵坡地以受干扰而退化,经封育后自然恢复至灌丛阶段的植物群落为研究对象,通过在其中设置400个5 m×5 m共计1 hm2的相邻网格样方,对其进行群落学调查.应用聚集指数、平均拥挤度、聚块性指数、格林指数、聚集强度、Cassie指标、方差均值比的t检验等方法,研究了衡阳盆地紫色土丘陵坡地自然恢复灌丛阶段群落主要种群的空间分布格局.结果表明:所有种群的空间分布呈显著的聚集分布,同时,各种群在不同的发育阶段也呈聚集分布,且随发育阶段的进展聚集程度逐渐减小.这主要与物种本身的生态学与生物学特性有关,以及与物种的竞争排斥作用有密切联系.聚集程度的大小在一定的程度上可用来表征植物群落的恢复程度,随着恢复过程的向前发展,种群聚集程度将下降.这将丰富该地区植被生态学与恢复生态学的内容.为衡阳盆地紫色土丘陵坡地生态系统的植被恢复与重建提供了一定的理论依据.     

近地层O3污染对陆地生态系统的影响

随着全球气候变化对生态环境的影响日益增加,近地层臭氧(O3)污染的环境生态效应备受人们关注.现有研究表明,陆地生态系统的温室气体NOx和CH4释放、矿质能源消耗和机动车辆尾气排放量的增加将加剧近地层O3污染.O3污染通过降低植物叶片气孔导度、光合速率和净同化作用,改变同化物的分配,进而抑制植物生长和加速植物老化,导致作物和林木减产.O3污染导致植物-土壤系统碳积累和周定降低势必影响未来全球碳动力学和碳预算,而植物和根系生长受到抑制则不利于土壤养分、水分的吸收进而影响植物-土壤系统养分循环,但目前报导极少,尚无法准确判断对全球碳和养分循环的影响,亟待深入研究.由于环境因素间具有互作效应,目前模拟研究过多集中O3与CO2增加对陆地生态系统的复合效应方面,而与其它环境因子(如O3与NO、SO2、水分、温度等)的复合效应研究偏少,不利于在全球气候变化背景下深入了解与预测O3污染对陆地生态系统的影响程度与趋势.基于研究现状,未来应加强:(1)地表O3监测网络建设和监测,结合田间试验和建模加强草地、森林和农田生态系统对O3污染的响应研究;(2)长期定位研究,侧重陆地生态系统对O3污染连合其它温室气体、温度增加等模拟未来气候情景下的环境响应研究;(3)O3污染下土壤.植物系统碳循环和固定研究;(4)O3污染条件下优势植物和农作物在不同时空条件下的土壤.植物系统养分利用研究;以期为判断和预测全球气候变化背景下陆地生态系统对近地层O3污染加剧的响应程度与趋势提供数据资料和科学依据.     

不同湿地植物的根系酸化作用与重金属吸收

为研究不同湿地植物根系分泌物对水体的酸化能力与重金属吸收积累能力间的关系,选用六种对废水中重金属吸收能力较强的湿地植物进行了盆栽实验.这六种湿地植物分别是:稗(Echinochloa crus-galli)、空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)、茭笋(Zizania latifolia)、鸭舌草(Monochoria vaginalis)、柳叶箬(Isachne globosa)、辣蓼(Polygonum hydropiper).研究结果表明,不同种类的植物对水体的酸化能力存在明显差异,水体pH差异最大可达0.85个单位;不同湿地植物间对重金属的吸收积累能力有显著差异,而且在重金属积累量方面的差异明显高于重金属浓度方面的差异.相关分析表明,不同湿地植物水体pH与植株重金属积累量之间存在较好的负相关关系,相关系数达到或接近P0.05显著水平.研究结果说明,湿地植物对废水中重金属的吸收积累能力在相当大的程度上取决于其根系分泌物对水体的酸化能力.     

钠质膨润土与钙质膨润土压实特性比较研究

以制备含水率和压制压力为控制因素,比较分析了钠质膨润土与钙质膨润土的压实加工性质。两种膨润土在压实特性、回胀特性和失水收缩特性方面均存在显著差异。     

农田土壤呼吸对大气CO2浓度升高的响应

大气CO2浓度急剧升高引起的全球气候变暖是人们关注的环境问题之一.随着气候变化对全球生态环境的影响日益增大,全球碳循环研究已经成为各国科学家研究的热点之一.模拟大气CO2浓度升高试验技术先后经历了人工气候室、开顶式气室、FACE技术(Free Air carbon dioxjde eariclament)阶段,FACE技术因其无限接近自然条件而成为研究大气CO2浓度增加对整个生态系统影响的最理想试验平台.土壤呼吸是陆地生态系统碳循环的重要环节,农田生态系统是陆地生态系统的重要组成.研究农田生态系统的土壤呼吸对大气CO2浓度增加的响应是预测和评价农田系统乃至整个陆地生态系统土壤碳周转和碳收支的重要前提与基础.文章根据现有研究成果.阐述了模拟大气CO2浓度升高的试验技术,比较了农田土壤呼吸的测定方法,总结了以FACE研究成果为主的高CO2浓度条件下农田土壤呼吸、不同地下来源贡献及环境因子影响,提出了进一步研究的方向,以期为全球气候变化背景下的农田土壤呼吸和碳固定及全球碳循环研究提供帮助.     

Variations between rice cultivars in root secretion of organic acids and the relationship with plant cadmium uptake

To attempt to understand certain mechanisms causing the variations between rice cultivars with regard to Cd uptake and accumulation, pot soil experiments were conducted with two rice cultivars at different levels of Cd, i.e., 0 (the control), 10, 50 mg Cd kg⁻¹ soil. The two rice cultivars differ significantly with regard to Cd uptake and accumulation. Root secretions of low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOA) for each treatment were measured with ion chromatography. The results showed that LMWOA concentrations in the soil planted with Shan you 63 (a high soil Cd accumulator) were all higher than those in the soil planted with Wu yun jing 7 (low soil Cd accumulator) at different soil Cd levels, although the magnitudes of the differences varied for individual LMWOA and depend on soil Cd concentrations. For all six LMWOA, there were significant differences at P < 0.05 or < 0.01 levels for soils treated with 10 and 50 mg kg⁻¹ Cd. The magnitude of the differences was greater under soil Cd treatments, especially at relatively low levels (for example, 10 mg Cd kg⁻¹ soil), than in the control. Acetic acid and formic acid constituted more than 96% of the total concentration of the six LMWOA, while citric acid constituted only about 0.1%. The rice cultivar with higher concentrations of LMWOA in soil accumulated more Cd in the plants. The results indicate that LMWOA secretion by rice root, especially in Cd-contaminated soils, is likely to be one of the mechanisms determining the plant Cd uptake properties of rice cultivars.     

多功能粉煤灰治理垃圾场渗滤液

以具絮凝、吸附、降解多功能粉煤灰污水处理材料,填充成絮凝沉降降解过滤箱,组合有鼓气、臭氧的连续式5级垃圾场渗滤液集成处理系统。垃圾渗滤液流量、鼓气量、臭氧量分别为40Lh、40L(m3·h)、15mgL的工艺条件下,渗滤液的悬浮物、色度、CODCr、BOD5、氨氮、硫化物等主要污染物指标分别降低93%、90%、96%、92%、86%和92%,达到垃圾场渗滤液二级控制标准。