通吕运河水环境质量达标的可行性分析

介绍了通吕运河水系概况和通吕运河例行监测断面的水环境质量现状,分析了通吕运河历年水质变化趋势。针对通吕运河的水体水质氨氮等污染,提出了6大措施、6大工程、111个项目,并分析了通吕运河水质达标的可行性。     

Participatory Planning of Interventions to Mitigate Human–Wildlife Conflicts

Abstract: Conservation of wildlife is especially challenging when the targeted species damage crops or livestock, attack humans, or take fish or game. Affected communities may retaliate and destroy wildlife or their habitats. We summarize recommendations from the literature for 13 distinct types of interventions to mitigate these human–wildlife conflicts. We classified eight types as direct (reducing the severity or frequency of encounters with wildlife) and five as indirect (raising human tolerance for encounters with wildlife) interventions. We analyzed general cause‐and‐effect relationships underlying human–wildlife conflicts to clarify the focal point of intervention for each type. To organize the recommendations on interventions we used three standard criteria for feasibility: cost‐effective design, wildlife specificity and selectivity, and sociopolitical acceptability. The literature review and the feasibility criteria were integrated as decision support tools in three multistakeholder workshops. The workshops validated and refined our criteria and helped the participants select interventions. Our approach to planning interventions is systematic, uses standard criteria, and optimizes the participation of experts, policy makers, and affected communities. We argue that conservation action generally will be more effective if the relative merits of alternative interventions are evaluated in an explicit, systematic, and participatory manner.     

Environmental and economic feasibility study of a total wastewater treatment network system

The synthesis of distributed wastewater treatment plants (WTPs) has been studied to reduce capital and operating costs associated with wastewater treatment. In this study, the environmental and economic feasibility of a total wastewater treatment network system (TWTNS) including distributed and terminal WTPs was estimated using life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) methods. Wastewater sources and existing distributed and terminal WTPs in an iron and steel plant were networked. The TWTNS was generated from the optimal solution to a mathematical optimization model and compared to a conventional wastewater treatment system (CWTS). The environmental effect scores of the TWTNS were from 29.6% to 68.3% higher than those of the CWTS because of higher electricity consumption required to pump wastewater to the networked WTPs. However, the life cycle cost of the TWTNS was lower than that of the CWTS by 10.1% because of the decrease of the labor cost resulting from the closing of three distributed WTPs. Overall, the TWTNS was no more eco-efficient than the CWTS because the increase of environmental burdens outweighed the decrease of economic costs.     

胜利油田推行安全经济管理的可行性分析

社会主义市场经济形势,决定了安全生产工作实行经济管理的必然性和可行性。安全经济管理效益有"滞后效应"的"隐形"性的特点,我们在实践操作中,不但要关心采取哪一种安全管理方案或措施所获得的安全水平最高,减少事故的效果最好,而且也要研究哪种方案或措施能够实现最省时、所投入的费用最少、达到的安全效果最好。实际上是把安全经济管理当作一种投资活动,怎样通过最小的投入获取最大化的投资收益。我们既要研究直接效果和间接效果,还要研究近期效果和远期效果;不仅要从局部单位出发计算经济效果,还要从全企业整体出发计算近期和远期的经济效果。在胜利油田推行安全经济管理应搞好"三同时"管理、开展安全管理经济评价、运用经济手段加强安全管理等工作。我们应建立胜利油田安全经济管理效益评价体系,寻找提高油田安全经济管理效益的新途径。     

高职文秘专业实体开发的可行性研究

开发专业实体是当前高职各专业工学结合的又一重要途径。然而,教育研究者们普遍认为诸如文秘、会计、计算机应用等专业不适合开发专业实体。以高职文秘专业为例,从专业实体的概念界定、性质、作用,高职文秘专业实体开发的条件、业务内容、业务拓展途径等方面,试做可行性分析。     

农村联户沼气工程可行性研究及经验——以浙江省江山市淤头镇为例

以浙江省江山市淤头镇联户沼气工程为例,从经济、技术及社会可行性三方面进行具体分析,指出联户沼气相比户用沼气具有规模经济效益显著、资金支持渠道多、管理便利、农户满意度高、技术和市场创新空间大等突出优势,可为联户沼气工程推广提供经验借鉴。     

微生物法治理室内空气污染的可行性探讨

介绍了我国室内空气中主要污染物的来源及特点，探讨了微生物法在室内空气污染治理上的可行性，分析了微生物法的实际应用所需要突破的技术问题。     

资源/环境效率分析在区域产业发展规划环境影响评价中的应用——以某区域能源开发利用规划环评为例

对于工业发展规划环评,其重要内容之一在于分别论述规划的产业结构、规模、布局的环境合理性,从而筛选出最优规划方案或对规划方案提出合理的调整建议。资源/环境效率分析是对区域资源承载力、环境容量及经济发展指标的有效结合。本文介绍了该方法的概念、工作程序、应用实例、应用注意事项及局限性。该方法能够评价规划产业结构在既定经济目标前提下的环境可行性,同时,对于环境不可行的规划产业结构,该方法能提出合理的调整建议。     

试论四川省开展排污权交易制度

排污权交易制度作为一种环境保护的经济手段,是市场经济体制下控制污染的有效措施,对于实现“十二五”规划纲要中关于总量控制战略目标具有积极的意义。本文阐述了排污权交易制度的内涵,并根据四川省经济发展水平和排污的实际情况,提出了四川省开展排污权交易的必要性,分析了四川省开展排污权交易制度的可行性,并讨论了四川省在开展排污权交易时必须处理好的几大问题,以期为四川省开展排污权交易制度提供一些有价值的参考和依据。     

Cost-benefit analysis of water-reuse projects for environmental purposes: a case study for Spanish wastewater treatment plants

Water reuse is an emerging and promising non-conventional water resource. Feasibility studies are essential tools in the decision making process for the implementation of water-reuse projects. However, the methods used to assess economic feasibility tend to focus on internal costs, while external impacts are relegated to unsubstantiated statements about the advantages of water reuse. Using the concept of shadow prices for undesirable outputs of water reclamation, the current study developed a theoretical methodology to assess internal and external economic impacts. The proposed methodological approach is applied to 13 wastewater treatment plants in the Valencia region of Spain that reuse effluent for environmental purposes. Internal benefit analyses indicated that only a proportion of projects were economically viable, while when external benefits are incorporated all projects were economically viable. In conclusion, the economic feasibility assessments of water-reuse projects should quantitatively evaluate economic, environmental and resource availability.