The influence of sewage sludge properties on sludge-borne metal availability

With the advent of more stringent controls on wastewater treatment, sewage sludge production in Europe and many parts of the world is increasing. With this increase comes the problem of sludge disposal, and recycling to land arguably offers an economically and environmentally sustainable option. However, a major limitation of sewage sludge reuse is the potential release of heavy metals from the sludge and heavy metal accumulation to toxic levels in topsoils. The properties of the sludge play a crucial role in determining the initial release and subsequent availability of heavy metals in amended soils. Bioavailable forms of heavy metals in recently amended soils are most likely to be those that are bioavailable in the sewage sludge. In this paper, published research on the importance of sewage sludge characteristics on metal release and bioavailability will be reviewed and contrasted with original research. A selection of sludges from around Australia has been collected for this purpose. Through the use of incubation studies, isotope dilution techniques, ion-selective electrode measurements and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy, the importance of a range of sludge properties on heavy metal behaviour in sludges and sludge-amended soils is addressed.     

铜离子冲击下活性污泥微生物多样性的分子生态学分析

采用基于 16SrDNA序列分析方法 ,在长度多态 (LPM)和 16SrDNA的GC含量二维水平分析了受重金属污染的活性污泥系统内细菌的优势种类和多样性 .设计的PCR引物可以将细菌分为三大类 :即 1)proteobacterialα&δ(变形杆菌α&δ) ,2 )pro teobacterialβ&γ(变形杆菌 β&γ) ,以及 3)flexibacter(屈桡杆菌 )和革兰氏阳性菌 .分析了未受重金属驯化和受重金属驯化的两类活性污泥系统在重金属作用下优势种和多样性的变化 ,结果显示未驯化的活性污泥系统多样性减少但优势种的变化微小 ,而驯化系统优势种有较大的变化 ,但多样性基本不变 .这一结果证实驯化有助于提高微生物对重金属的抗性     

国内外含油污泥的处理现状分析

在石油开采及生产加工过程中要产生大量的废弃含油污泥,这些污泥不经处理直接排入环境将严重危害环境的安全以及人类的健康.因此,国内外正积极采取各种应对措施,希望能缓解含油污泥带来的危害.综述了国内外含油污泥的处理技术现状,并展望了含油污泥处理技术的发展方向.     

Acid resistance of methanogenic bacteria in a two-stage anaerobic process treating high concentration methanol Wastewater

In this study, the two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) system and batch experiments were employed to evaluate the performance of anaerobic digestion for the treatment of high concentration methanol wastewater. The acid resistance of granular sludge and methanogenic bacteria and their metabolizing activity were investigated. The results show that the pH of the first UASB changed from 4.9 to 5.8 and 5.5 to 6.2 for the second reactor. Apparently, these were not the advisable pH levels that common methanogenic bacteria could accept. The methanogenic bacteria of the system, viz. Methanosarcina barkeri, had some acid resistance and could still degrade methanol at pH 5.0. If the methanogenic bacteria were trained further, their acid resistance would be improved somewhat. Granular sludge of the system could protect the methanogenic bacteria within its body against the impact of the acidic environment and make them degrade methanol at pH 4.5. The performance of granular sludge was attributed to its structure, bacteria species, and the distribution of bacterium inside the granule. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2004, 24(4): 633–636 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

城市污水处理厂污泥沉降影响因素研究

研究总结了目前城市污水处理厂污泥沉降影响的因素，概括总结了pH值、溶解氧、温度、盐度等环境因素以及磁场等外部环境因素对不同性状污泥的沉降影响。为污泥沉降脱水最佳条件提供了研究思路，也为污泥后续机械脱水提供了基础。     

城市污水处理厂预热处理混合污泥的高温厌氧消化特性研究

针对165℃、30min预处理后的混合污泥,进行高温厌氧消化的连续试验.研究了在不同的水力停留时间(HRT)下的产气量、有机物的分解率等指标,探讨了"热处理 高温消化"实用化的可行性.结果表明,总固体(TS)为70g·L-1、预热处理后的混合污泥经高温厌氧消化,在HRT.为10、20、30d的条件下,产气率为2.82、1.70和1.19 L·L-1·d-1;降解单位COD的产气量为968、1053和1091 L·kg-1;COD分解率为47%～52%;有机物分解率与HRT的关系符合一级反应动力学关系.COD物质平衡计算结果表明,基质中50%的固态有机物被分解转化,生物气中的甲烷含量可达59.1%.本研究中的厌氧消化反应可归纳为C8.38H19.7O7.59N 3.86H2O→4.38CH4 2.99CO2 NH4 HCO3-.     

无剩余污泥接触氧化法处理漂染废水的探讨

对漂染废水的处理，虽能做到达标排放，但其剩余污泥的生成量也过多，该文以上海信泰纺织品有限公司无剩余污泥接触氧化法处理漂染废水的实例，表明了既可提高污染物去除率，又能节省投资和运转费用，通过两年的运行实践，证明效果良好，在对酸化反应器的设计和有效控制方面，以及氧化反应器与酸化反应器的运行管理等方面也进行了探讨。     

活性污泥法的多变量最优控制Ⅰ.基础理论与DO浓度对运行费用的影响

在现有的关于活性污泥法最优控制研究的基础上，首次提出了以两个最重要的控制参数污泥排放量和溶解氧浓度（ＤＯ）为控制变量、以出水水质为约束条件、以运行费用为性能指标的活性污泥法多变量最优控制的研究问题，并着重进行了基础研究．首先建立了最优控制所必要的基本状态方程与性能指标的泛函表达式．然后通过计算研究了在满足同一出水质量前提下控制不同的ＤＯ浓度时所需要的运行费用．结果表明，ＤＯ为０９ｍｇ／Ｌ时所需运行费用最少，这与主张应当维持ＤＯ浓度大于２ｍｇ／Ｌ的传统观点相比相差甚远；衰减速率常数Ｋｄ不受ＤＯ影响的假设也不合理．     

溶剂萃取--蒸汽蒸馏法处理含油污泥

为了实现含油污泥的资源化和无害化，对含油污泥进行了室温下的三氯甲烷溶剂萃取，然后在温度３２０～４８０℃、压力０．２ＭＰａ下进行水蒸汽蒸馏０～９０ｍｉｎ的掊油实验，结果表明含油污泥中加入３倍的萃取溶剂进行萃取，再按１ｇ油泥加０．５ｍＬ的水在４００℃下蒸馏，４５ｍｉｎ效果较好，脱油率达８０％～９５％。     

气提式循环反应器生物膜与游离活性污泥的对比试验探讨

通过对气提式循环反应器处理污水中载体生物膜和游离活性污泥的对比试验，分析指出：活性污泥有利于有机物的去除和混合液的沉降性；生物膜的存在，增加了生物量，提高了处理效率，且是硝化的主要原因