简易瞬态工况法排气检测防舞弊措施探讨

介绍了简易瞬态工况法相对于双怠速法的技术优势,分析了该方法排气检测过程中的常见问题与作弊手段。提出以质量控制为基础,采取检测全过程防舞弊措施;与机动车排放监督管理系统建设相结合,对检测设备软件版本实施统一监控;通过实时数据分析,建立检测工位前端防舞弊控制机制;对检测数据分类统计与分析,促进检测工作公正与规范;借助视频监控手段,实现对检测过程的实时监管;加强日常巡查,促进监管工作体系持续完善等建议。     

中国新能源汽车产业的政策变迁与政策工具选择

伴随着新能源汽车产业的发展,中国政府有关新能源汽车产业政策也在不断地跟进。梳理相关产业政策变迁之中的内在逻辑,分析政策工具的选择是一项极为重要的任务。本文基于政策框架理论及其分析方法,对有关新能源汽车研究文献进行了分析,将关注重点从政策的评价转到从历史的角度关注新能源政策变迁的推动力上。政策变迁是与其动力因素密切相关的,这些动力因素又总是体现为政策变迁的主导力量。在中国新能源汽车产业的政策变迁历程中,其主导力量或政策制定的主要影响因素不断变化,中国新能源汽车的发展政策也可以分为政府主导、汽车厂商主导和消费者主导的三个阶段。政策变迁体现了政策本身的社会价值。基于中国新能源汽车发展的各种不同政策要素及其相关性,本文发现,在中国新能源汽车产业的组织性政策工具、管制性政策工具、经济诱因性政策工具、信息性政策工具和资源性政策工具这五个方面,经济诱因性工具和信息性工具应该是推动新能源汽车产业的关键工具,组织性和管制性工具只适用于产业化初期,后期应逐渐减少,而自愿性工具在新能源汽车产业市场完善前不提倡使用,在该产业市场得到完善后可以成为政府的选择之一。经过研究发现,在新能源汽车产业发展过程中,政府应注意自身的作用范围,适当处理市场与政府规制的便捷,降低交易成本,提高规制效率,是未来产业化政策工具选择应重点关注的环节。同时,政府必须在政策上致力于技术创新,把通过技术创新推动新能源汽车产业发展作为重要的政策目标。     

Energy management in hybrid electric vehicles using optimized radial basis function neural network

This paper deals with energy management in hybrid electric vehicles. Use of radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) for the problem of energy management gains importance in the present decade. Use of genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) as optimization algorithms for parameter estimation is also well known. However, none of the researchers in the area tried to use GA and PSO as training algorithms for the problem. Hence in this paper, we propose two novel methods, based on RBFNN. The difference between RBFNN-based approaches in the literature and those used in this paper is the use of GA and PSO (i.e. optimising algorithms) as training algorithm to train RBFNNs. Interestingly, it is seen that the proposed approaches of this paper outperform RBFNN-based approaches in the literature with traditional training.     

在用轻型汽油车尾气超标现状调查分析及治理措施

对郑州汽车尾气排放量所占份额较大的在用轻型汽油车进行较长时间的调查，将不同产地，车型，厂牌的汽车尾气超标状况进行了排序，同时对超标的原因进行了分析提出了治理措施与对策。     

小议机动车尾气污染的控制对策

随着城市机动车保有量的不断增长,机动车尾气污染问题已经成为城市空气污染最重要的来源,控制机动车尾气污染也已经成为改善城市大气环境质量的当务之急.本文力图通过对发达国家机动车尾气控制的经验的借鉴及中国目前状况的对比分析,为降低中国机动车尾气污染排放提供些思考和建议.     

Injury-severity analysis of lane change crashes involving commercial motor vehicles on interstate highways

Introduction: One of the challenging tasks for drivers is the ability to change lanes around large commercial motor vehicles. Lane changing is often characterized by speed, and crashes that occur due to unsafe lane changes can have serious consequences. Considering the economic importance of commercial trucks, ensuring the safety, security, and resilience of freight transportation is of paramount concern to the United States Department of Transportation and other stakeholders. Method: In this study, a mixed (random parameters) logit model was developed to better understand the relationship between crash factors and associated injury severities of commercial vehicle crashes involving lane change on interstate highways. The study was based on 2009–2016 crash data from Alabama. Results: Preliminary data analysis showed that about 4% of the observed crashes were major injury crashes and drivers of commercial motor vehicles were at-fault in more than half of the crashes. Acknowledging potential crash data limitations, the model estimation results reveal that there is increased probability of major injury when lane change crashes occurred on dark unlit portions of interstates and involve older drivers, at-fault commercial vehicle drivers, and female drivers. The results further show that lane change crashes that occurred on interstates with higher number of travel lanes were less likely to have major injury outcomes. Practical Applications: These findings can help policy makers and state transportation agencies increase awareness on the hazards of changing lanes in the immediate vicinity and driving in the blind spots of large commercial motor vehicles. Additionally, law enforcement efforts may be intensified during times and locations of increased unsafe lane changing activities. These findings may also be useful in commercial vehicle driver training and driver licensing programs.     

交通活动对公路两侧土壤和灰尘中重金属含量的影响

为了解公路交通带来的重金属污染及其在公路两侧土壤中的分布规律,对相关研究结果的分析表明,含铅汽油、润滑油的燃烧,汽车轮胎、刹车里村的机械磨损等是公路两侧土壤和灰尘中重金属污染的重要来源.机动车辆排放的含重金属颗粒物或直接沉积在路面灰尘中,或通过干湿沉降沉积在公路两侧的土壤中,使得公路两侧土壤和灰尘中重金属出现不同程度的积累.一般地,公路两侧土壤中重金属含量随着距公路距离的增加呈指数形式下降.公路两侧土壤中重金属的含量及其分布格局因受交通流量、车辆类型、地形与路况、绿化带配置和风、降雨等气象条件的影响而异.     

浅谈汽车内空气污染来源及影响因素

随着中国社会经济的不断发展,人民生活水平的不断提高,汽车已逐渐成为人们日常生活中的一部分。然而在世界的范围内,汽车内的空气污染问题已越来越得到重视,但就国内的情况而言,汽车内的空气污染问题却没有随着汽车的普及而得到人们足够的认识。有见及此,本文指出了造成汽车内空气污染的几种主要污染来源及其有可能产生的危害,同时讲述了影响车内空气质量的几种主要因素,并就此给出了相关污染减轻的建议,希望籍此减少汽车内空气污染对人们健康的危害。     

Evaluating the efficiency of green vehicles and diesel vehicles

One of the major interests of governments in the area of environmental protection is to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and air pollutants’ emissions (HC, CO, NO_x, PM, and SO_x) from vehicles. This paper aims at evaluating the efficiency of green and diesel vehicles. Two hundred fifty vehicles were selected for comparison study. The results show that the efficiency of each type of vehicle hardly differed in 2008 and 2009, but the gap between green and diesel vehicles became significant in 2010–2012. The results also indicate that larger automotive companies and smaller green vehicles show higher efficiency in recent years, whereas the type of green vehicles and the origin of automotive companies are not significantly related to the efficiency score of green vehicles. These findings provide more information for understanding differences in green vehicles.     

LugDown法设备性能的改进与完善方法

介绍了用于柴油车排气检测的加载减速工况（LugDown）法设备的构成与测量原理，分析了 LugDown 法设备在加载、功率扫描控制、排气测量控制等方面存在的问题。对照国标要求，结合 LugDown法设备的工作特点，探讨了在功率扫描性能、寄生滑行性能、排气测量过程控制、测试档位选择与扫描起始速度控制等方面的改进与完善方法。