利用PCR-DGGE研究膜生物反应器中微生物的群落结构

使用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳技术(PCR-DGGE)考查了天津某再生水处理厂膜生物反应器(Membrane Bioreactor,简称MBR)培养驯化直至正常运行全过程中总细菌群落结构的演替情况.结果表明,在MBR环境中,接种的传统活性污泥中的微生物群落在几天内发生了较大的变化,在进污水驯化时,微生物群落也遭受了冲击,最后经过培养驯化趋于稳定,一些菌种逐渐成长为顶级优势微生物,在反应器内占据主导地位.最终该反应器逐渐形成了自己独有的微生物群落生态系统.另外,对该微生物群落的部分优势总细菌进行了克隆测序和系统发育树分析,通过鉴定获得的10条总细菌的16S rDNA序列,它们分别与气单胞菌属、假单胞菌、亚硝酸菌属、丛毛单胞菌属和杆菌的同源性在97%以上,这些优势微生物在MBR反应器去除有机物的过程中起到了关键的作用.     

Comparative study of microbial community structure in di erent filter media of constructed wetland

Comparisons of microbial community structure, in eight filter media of zeolites, anthracite, shale, vermiculite, ceramic filter media, gravel, steel slag and bio-ceramic, were undertaken by analyzing the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition. A total of 20 fatty acids in the range of C11 to C20 were determined but only 13 PLFAs were detected in steel slag. They consist of saturated fatty acids, branched fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The variation of fatty acids was revealed in the relative proportions of these fatty acids in di erent media. The aerobic prokaryotes were the predominant group in all media. The PLFA composition showed significant di erences among the eight di erent media by Tukey’s honestly test. It was found that steel slag was significantly di erent in the microbial community as compared to other filter media, probably due to its alkaline e uent. Steel slag alone is probably not a good choice of substratum in constructed wetlands. The principle components analysis (PCA) showed that zeolites, bio-ceramic, shale and vermiculite had a similar microbial community structure while steel slag and ceramic filter media were distinct from other media.     

Effects of sterilization treatments on the analysis of TOC in water samples

Decomposition experiments conducted with and without microbial processes are commonly used to study the effects of environmental microorganisms on the degradation of organic pollutants.However,the effects of biological pretreatment (sterilization) on organic matter often have a negative impact on such experiments.Based on the principle of water total organic carbon (TOC) analysis,the effects of physical sterilization treatments on determination of TOC and other water quality parameters were investigated.The results revealed that two conventional physical sterilization treatments,autoclaving and 60 Co γ-radiation sterilization,led to the direct decomposition of some organic pollutants,resulting in remarkable errors in the analysis of TOC in water samples.Furthermore,the extent of the errors varied with the intensity and the duration of sterilization treatments.Accordingly,a novel sterilization method for water samples,0.45 μm micro-filtration coupled with ultraviolet radiation (MCUR),was developed in the present study.The results indicated that the MCUR method was capable of exerting a high bactericidal effect on the water sample while significantly decreasing the negative impact on the analysis of TOC and other water quality parameters.Before and after sterilization treatments,the relative errors of TOC determination could be controlled to lower than 3% for water samples with different categories and concentrations of organic pollutants by using MCUR.     

Effects of sediment dredging on water quality and zooplankton community structure in a shallow of eutrophic lake

Effects of suction dredging on water quality and zooplankton community structure in a shallow of eutrophic lake,were evaluated.The results showed that a decreasing trend for levels of phosphorus,organic matter,total suspended solids,Chlorophyll a and Secchi transparency in the water column was found,while levels of water depth,electrical conductivity,total dissolved solids and NO 3--N concentration increased markedly post-dredging.The effects of dredging on dissolved oxygen,pH value and temperature were alm...     

Granulation of filamentous microorganisms in a sequencing batch reactor with saline wastewater

Proliferation of filamentous microorganisms frequently leads to operational failure for activate sludge systems. In this study, it was found that filamentous microorganisms could grow in compact granular structure with 5% sodium chloride in the substrate. In the early period of experiment, coccoid and rode-like bacteria predominated in the yellowish-brown granules, and later the white and the black granules were developed by filamentous microorganisms. The filamentous granules exhibited low porosity and fas...     

Microbial biodegradation of microcystin-RR by bacterium Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05

A strain,USTB-05,isolated from Lake Dianchi,China,degraded the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin-RR(MC-RR) at the rate of 16.7 mg/L per day.Analysis of 16S rDNA sequence showed that the strain was Sphingopyxis sp.Enzymatic degradation pathways for MC-RR by Sphingopyxis sp.USTB-05 were identified.Adda-Arg peptide bond of MC-RR was cleaved and then a hydrogen and a hydroxyl were combined onto the NH 2 group of Adda and the carboxyl group of arginine to form a linear molecule as intermediate product within the ...     

寄生噬菌体和细菌宿主的本土适应性

<正>"生物多样性"很大程度上取决于外来物种在本土环境中的适应和发展.通常来说,当生存环境发生改变时,寄生生物能为其宿主调节生存竞争压力.已有大量证据表明寄生虫和宿主的确具有本土适应性,但是我们对地球上最为丰富的微生物体——细菌和他们的寄生噬菌体却知之甚少.实际上,微生物多样性最终决定了生态系统的功能和环境的变化.最近一系列的科学研究引发了科学界对微生物多样性的另一话题:那就是生物因素和非生物因素对促进生物多样性的相对重要性.     

一组小麦秸秆好氧分解菌系的构建及组成多样性

采用"外淘汰法"在常温、好氧条件下构建了一组稳定、有效降解小麦秸秆的复合系.复合系分解能力的研究表明,在100mL改良CMC培养基(液面深度2 cm和直径9 cm)中,分解的前6 d复合系保持较高分解能力,减重率达到66.1%,6 d后复合系分解能力逐渐减弱,到第10 d时减重率达到77.0%.1.86 g秸秆各成分中,纤维素分解0.78 g,半纤维素分解0.16 g,木质素分解0.24 g.复合系组成多样性的研究表明,通过克隆文库构建和单菌株分离共确定出13个菌属的微生物,优势菌属有Hydrogenophaga、Pseudomonas、Bacteroides和Clostridium,占100个阳性克隆子的78%.系统发育关系表明,克隆文库和单菌分离技术分别所确定的微生物种类及亲缘关系存在一定的差异;Isolated 7(FJ439527)和Clone 86(EU834839)与假单胞菌属中的厦门藻(Pseudomonas xiamenensis)亲缘关系较近.     

好氧颗粒污泥的形成机制、特性及应用研究进展

好氧颗粒污泥凭借其密实的结构、多样的微生物种群以及优良的沉降性能,已经引起了污水生物处理领域许多学者的兴趣.本文总结了近年来国内外好氧颗粒污泥技术和应用的最新研究成果,包括好氧颗粒污泥的形成机制、好氧颗粒污泥的特性及其微生物相、环境条件对好氧颗粒污泥形成的影响、好氧颗粒污泥模型以及在处理市政污水和含毒工业废水上的应用,并展望了好氧颗粒污泥的应用前景.     

微生物絮凝剂的絮凝性能及其絮凝形态研究

利用本实验室分离、筛选的微生物絮凝剂菌株G15,对其进行发酵培养,研究了絮凝剂投加量、絮凝反应体系pH值等对其絮凝性能的影响;对反应体系的ζ电位进行了测定,并且对所形成絮体的微观形态进行了观察。研究结果表明:该微生物絮凝剂在碱性条件下有较强的絮凝活性,当pH=10时最佳投加量为2.5mL;絮凝剂具有较强的热稳定性;加入菌株G15的发酵液后,高岭土悬浊液的ζ电位从-36.27mV显著上升至-12.97mV;并且该微生物絮凝剂产生的絮体颗粒大且结构密实,形态上有明显的分形特征。