氮肥企业回收三废清洁生产实例浅析

1氮肥企业清洁生产必要性 氮肥行业在我国国民经济中占有重要地位,从建国初期的小型氮肥厂、中型氮肥厂,到20世纪70年代开始陆续建成的大型氮肥厂,都为我国经济发展作出重要贡献.但由于氮肥行业自身的特点,氨氮等排放量居全国各行业之首.大型氮肥厂在其建厂之初,虽然具有较先进的工艺技术,良好的设备状况,环保的思想理念,但对所产生的废物多是采用以末端治理为主的控制技术,这就不可避免地会出现一些因突发生产事故而导致的污染物过量排放的现象.随着社会的进步,人们对氮肥生产的环保要求越来越高,清洁生产的概念在大型氮肥厂体现得更为清晰、更为突出.     

空气幕距挡烟垂壁及火源不同距离的挡烟效果研究

火灾发生时,空气幕可以在不影响人员通行情况下阻挡烟气的蔓延,适用于逃生楼梯口处.运用Pyrosim软件,对一简单建筑模型进行火灾模拟,研究空气幕距挡烟垂壁及火源不同距离时的挡烟效果差异,通过烟气蔓延情况,对空气幕处的速度矢量、空气幕后方测点处温度、CO浓度等数据进行比较分析,得出空气幕距挡烟垂壁的最优设置距离为0.5～1m;火源位置对空气幕挡烟性能的影响不大.     

有限空间作业人员生理状态监测设备研制

为监测有限空间作业人员异常生理状况,进而保障有限空间作业安全与作业人员生命健康,在分析手腕处6个测量位置信号质量的基础上,获得最佳信号采集位置,并结合事故成因,从光电容积脉搏波(PPG)信号中提取心率、脉搏周期、振幅等生理参数作为评价指标,研制一款针对有限空间特殊作业人群的手腕处脉动生理信息监测设备;并进行系统稳定性测试。研究结果表明:手腕内侧中心位置为信号最佳采集位置;在有限空间运动状态下设备性能良好;研制的设备可以实现人员生理状态的实时无创监测与预警。     

信息产业的低碳明天——谈电子及通信设备制造业能耗与碳减排

作为信息产业的基础和重要组成部分,电子及通信设备制造业长期以低能耗、高附加值的产业特征被作为国家重点扶持产业。2009年《电子信息产业调整和振兴规划》的发布更将进一步推动该产业在我国的发展。因此,准确把握该行业能耗及二氧化碳排放情况,研究其规律,对于推进我国资源节约型社会和低碳经济的建设作用重大。     

Effects of sterilization treatments on the analysis of TOC in water samples

Decomposition experiments conducted with and without microbial processes are commonly used to study the effects of environmental microorganisms on the degradation of organic pollutants.However,the effects of biological pretreatment (sterilization) on organic matter often have a negative impact on such experiments.Based on the principle of water total organic carbon (TOC) analysis,the effects of physical sterilization treatments on determination of TOC and other water quality parameters were investigated.The results revealed that two conventional physical sterilization treatments,autoclaving and 60 Co γ-radiation sterilization,led to the direct decomposition of some organic pollutants,resulting in remarkable errors in the analysis of TOC in water samples.Furthermore,the extent of the errors varied with the intensity and the duration of sterilization treatments.Accordingly,a novel sterilization method for water samples,0.45 μm micro-filtration coupled with ultraviolet radiation (MCUR),was developed in the present study.The results indicated that the MCUR method was capable of exerting a high bactericidal effect on the water sample while significantly decreasing the negative impact on the analysis of TOC and other water quality parameters.Before and after sterilization treatments,the relative errors of TOC determination could be controlled to lower than 3% for water samples with different categories and concentrations of organic pollutants by using MCUR.     

Evaluation of mercury speciation and removal through air pollution control devices of a 190 MW boiler

Air pollution control devices (APCDs) are installed at coal-fired power plants for air pollutant regulation. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems have the co-benefits of air pollutant and mercury removal. Configuration and operational conditions of APCDs and mercury speciation a ect mercury removal e ciently at coal-fired utilities. The Ontario Hydro Method (OHM) recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was used to determine mercury speciation simultaneously at five sampling locations through SCR-ESP-FGD at a 190 MW unit. Chlorine in coal had been suggested as a factor a ecting the mercury speciation in flue gas; and low-chlorine coal was purported to produce less oxidized mercury (Hg2+) and more elemental mercury (Hg0) at the SCR inlet compared to higher chlorine coal. SCR could oxidize elemental mercury into oxidized mercury when SCR was in service, and oxidation e ciency reached 71.0%. Therefore, oxidized mercury removal e ciency was enhanced through a wet FGD system. In the non-ozone season, about 89.5%–96.8% of oxidized mercury was controlled, but only 54.9%–68.8% of the total mercury was captured through wet FGD. Oxidized mercury removal e ciency was 95.9%–98.0%, and there was a big di erence in the total mercury removal e ciencies from 78.0% to 90.2% in the ozone season. Mercury mass balance was evaluated to validate reliability of OHM testing data, and the ratio of mercury input in the coal to mercury output at the stack was from 0.84 to 1.08.     

环境保护大事记（2010年）（10月1日～10月31日）

10月8日～11日,第二届中美环保产业论坛在美国新奥尔良举办。环境保护部副部长吴晓青和美国环保局助理局长、美国商务部副助理局长分别致辞。此次论坛由环境保护部和美国商务部、美国环保局、美国贸易发展署共同主办,由美国驻华大使馆商务处、中国环境保护产业协会、美国斯克兰顿吉勒特通讯传播公司、美国博瑞希国际发展公司联合承办。会上,两国环保企业代表就生活污水深度处理及资源化、污泥处理处置、工业废水处理、水质监测仪器和设备等多个领域进行了深入的技术交流和合作洽谈。     

化妆品生产废水处理技术研究进展

文章综述了化妆品生产废水的来源及特征,介绍了针对化妆品生产废水的物理、化学、物化、生物及生态处理技术,包括近几年研究的新技术,为化妆品生产废水处理方式提供了参考。     

废纸造纸废水处理工程的设计与运行

文章针对废纸造纸生产中废水产生量大,SS、COD浓度较高的问题,将废纸造纸废水处理工程实践中的污水作为对象,研究一套废纸造纸废水回收利用的污水处理方法,减少再生纸造纸工业对环境的污染。实验结果和工程实践证明:利用混凝沉淀—活性污泥相结合工艺处理废纸造纸废水,达到一部分经物理处理后回收利用,一部分经生化处理后达标排放。采用该工艺处理效果好,SS去除率达99.7%、COD去除率达98.4%,且运行稳定,成本和一次性投资均较低,其排放废水水质满足《造纸工业水污染物排放标准》(GB3544-2001)中的排放要求。     

污水湿地处理系统中植物研究现状

文章陈述了植物在人工湿地中的作用,探讨了植物对人工湿地净化污水的影响,对人工湿地系统中植物的选择、种植与管理进行了阐述,提出了人工湿地系统研究与实践存在的问题,以期为人工湿地系统的工程设计、技术研究及运行管理提供参考。