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91.
Nicolas A.O. Morin Patrik L. Andersson Sarah E. Hale Hans Peter H. Arp 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(12):115-132
Flame retardants in commercial products eventually make their way into the waste stream.Herein the presence of flame retardants in Norwegian landfills, incineration facilities and recycling sorting/defragmenting facilities is investigated. These facilities handled waste electrical and electronic equipment(WEEE), vehicles, digestate, glass, combustibles, bottom ash and fly ash. The flame retardants considered included polybrominated diphenyl ethers(∑BDE-10) as well as dechlorane plus, polybrominated biphenyls, hexabromobenzene,pentabromotoluene and pentabromoethylbenzene(collectively referred to as ∑FR-7). Plastic,WEEE and vehicles contained the largest amount of flame retardants(∑BDE-10: 45,000–210,000 μg/kg; ∑FR-7: 300–13,000 μg/kg). It was hypothesized leachate and air concentrations from facilities that sort/defragment WEEE and vehicles would be the highest. This was supported for total air phase concentrations(∑BDE-10: 9000–195,000 pg/m~3 WEEE/vehicle facilities, 80–900 pg/m~3 in incineration/sorting and landfill sites), but not for water leachate concentrations(e.g., ∑BDE-10: 15–3500 ng/L in WEEE/Vehicle facilities and 1–250 ng/L in landfill sites). Landfill leachate exhibited similar concentrations as WEEE/vehicle sorting and defragmenting facility leachate. To better account for concentrations in leachates at the different facilities, waste-water partitioning coefficients, Kwastewere measured(for the first time to our knowledge for flame retardants). WEEE and plastic waste had elevated Kwastecompared to other wastes, likely because flame retardants are directly added to these materials. The results of this study have implications for the development of strategies to reduce exposure and environmental emissions of flame retardants in waste and recycled products through improved waste management practices. 相似文献
92.
N2O emissions from municipal solid waste landfills with selected infertile cover soils and leachate subsurface irrigation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study presents the field investigations into the effects of cover soils and leachate subsurface irrigation on N2O emissions from municipal solid waste landfills. Landfill Site A and Site B, covered with carefully chosen infertile soils, were selected to monitor their diurnal and seasonal variations of N2O emissions. The annual average N2O flux was 469 ± 796 μg N2O-N m−2 h−1 in Site B with leachate subsurface irrigation, three times that of Site A without leachate irrigation. When an additional soil containing lower contents of carbon and nitrogen was introduced to cover part of Site B, its N2O fluxes decreased by 1-2 orders of magnitude compared with the left area of Site B. This suggested that carefully selected cover soils could substantially reduce N2O emissions even under leachate subsurface irrigation. Statistical analysis proved that the availabilities of soil moisture and mineralized nitrogen were the key parameters controlling landfill N2O emissions. 相似文献
93.
Karthikeyan OP Swati M Nagendran R Joseph K 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,135(1-3):141-151
Emissions from landfills via leachate and gas are influenced by state and stability of the organic matter in the solid waste
and the environmental conditions within the landfill. This paper describes a modified, ecologically sound waste treatment
technique, where municipal solid waste is anaerobically treated in a lysimeter-scale landfill bioreactor with leachate recirculation
to enhance organic degradation. The results demonstrate a substantial decrease in organic matter (BOD 99%, COD 88% and TOC
81%) and a clear decrease in nutrient concentrations especially ammonia (85%) over a period of 1 year with leachate recirculation. 相似文献
94.
Masoud Kayhanian Akshay Vichare Peter G. Green John Harvey 《Journal of environmental management》2009,90(11):3574-3580
Leachate metal pollutant concentrations produced from different asphalt and concrete pavement surfacing materials were measured under controlled laboratory conditions. The results showed that, in general, the concentrations of most metal pollutants were below the reporting limits. However, dissolved chromium was detected in leachate from concrete (but not asphalt) specimens and more strongly in the early-time leachate samples. As the leaching continued, the concentration of Cr decreased to below or close to the reporting limit. The source of the chromium in concrete pavement was found to be cement. The concentration of total Cr produced from leachate of different cement coming from different sources that was purchased from retail distributors ranged from 124 to 641 μg/L. This result indicates that the potential leachability of dissolved Cr from concrete pavement materials can be reduced through source control. The results also showed that the leachability of dissolved Cr in hardened pavement materials was substantially reduced. For example, the concentration of dissolved Cr measured in actual highway runoff was found to be much lower than the Cr concentration produced from leachate of both open and dense graded concrete pavement specimens under controlled laboratory study. It was concluded that pavement materials are not the source of pollutants of concern in roadway runoff; rather most pollutants in roadway surface runoff are generated from other road-use or land-use sources, or from (wet or dry) atmospheric deposition. 相似文献
95.
Jan Busch Lutz Ahrens Renate Sturm 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(5):1467-8105
Polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) are widely used in industry and consumer products. These products could end up finally in landfills where their leachates are a potential source for PFCs into the aqueous environment. In this study, samples of untreated and treated leachate from 22 landfill sites in Germany were analysed for 43 PFCs. ΣPFC concentrations ranged from 31 to 12,819 ng/L in untreated leachate and 4-8060 ng/L in treated leachate. The dominating compounds in untreated leachate were perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) (mean contribution 27%) and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) (24%). The discharge of PFCs into the aqueous environment depended on the cleaning treatment systems. Membrane treatments (reverse osmosis and nanofiltrations) and activated carbon released lower concentrations of PFCs into the environment than cleaning systems using wet air oxidation or only biological treatment. The mass flows of ∑PFCs into the aqueous environment ranged between 0.08 and 956 mg/day. 相似文献
96.
This article describes some laboratory tests performed on each kind of sludge located in an industrial wastes landfill. Measured physical properties are: field capacity, hydraulic permeability, saturation water content, effective porosity and particle-size distribution. The laboratory apparatus is described; the obtained results are analyzed to point out the possible correlations among the examined parameters. The aim of this work is to provide a data bank for industrial wastes landfills useful to perform some applications such as the evaluation of the produced leachate quantity for landfills whose wastes are similar to the ones here considered. 相似文献
97.
William?HoglandEmail author Marcia?Marques Sven?Nimmermark 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2004,6(2):119-124
This article describes landfill-mining tests, including excavation, screening, and fraction characterization, carried out in the Msalycke and Gladsax landfills for municipal solid waste (MSW) in Sweden. The excavated waste in these two sites was 17–22 and 23–25 years old, respectively. The main part of Msalycke was unaffected by degradation, and during excavations no substantial amount of biogas was detected. After screening, three size fractions were obtained: <18mm, 18–50mm, and >50mm. Soil amendment and anaerobic digestion with energy extraction are suggested for the first and second fraction, respectively. Incineration with energy recovery is possible with the third fraction after any coarse (inert) material is removed, and construction/demolition waste can easily be recycled provided that it is not contaminated by hazardous material. Excavated waste taken from different depths was also analysed and compared in relation to composition, calorific value, and leachate constituents. 相似文献
98.
99.
《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(4):545-555
Attention should be paid to the sulfate reduction behavior in a pressure-bearing leachate saturated zone. In this study, within the relative pressure range of 0–0.6 MPa, the ambient temperature with the highest sulfate reduction rate of 50°C was selected to explore the difference in sulfate reduction behavior in a pressure-bearing leachate saturated zone. The results showed that the sulfate reduction rate might further increase with an increase in pressure; however, owing to the effect of pressure increase, the generated hydrogen sulfide (H2S) could not be released on time, thereby decreasing its highest concentration by approximately 85%, and the duration extended to about two times that of the atmospheric pressure. Microbial community structure and functional gene abundance analyses showed that the community distribution of sulfate-reducing bacteria was significantly affected by pressure conditions, and there was a negative correlation between disulfide reductase B (dsrB) gene abundance and H2S release rate. Other sulfate reduction processes that do not require disulfide reductase A (dsrA) and dsrB genes may be the key pathways affecting the sulfate reduction rate in the pressure-bearing leachate saturated zone. This study improves the understanding of sulfate reduction in landfills as well as provides a theoretical basis for the operation and management of landfills. 相似文献
100.
苏州七子山垃圾填埋场渗沥液设计水质的估算 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在对垃圾填埋场渗沥液污染物的转化、溶出规律分析的基础上,建立了污染物溶出模式和污染物负荷计算模式,并结合苏州七子山垃圾填埋场的实际情况,确定了其渗沥液在不同条件下的水质。研究表明,在填埋场填埋稳定期的枯水期和丰水期的CODcr和BOD5浓度分别为27.24~40.86mg/l、13.17~19.75mg/l和13.46~20.21mg/l、6.51~9.77g/l;在填埋场封场后枯水期和丰水期的CODcr和BOD5分别为4.88~7.33g/1、2.36~3.54g/l和2.22~3.34g/l、1.08~1.617g/l。 相似文献