模拟太阳光作用下间甲酚的水相和冰相光转化研究

本文研究了在模拟太阳光作用下间甲酚的水相和冰相光转化规律.考察了不同浓度的H2O2、NO-2和NO3^-对间甲酚光转化的影响,建立了不同条件下间甲酚光转化的动力学方程.结果表明,在模拟太阳光作用下间甲酚在水相和冰相中均可以发生光转化,间甲酚的冰相光转化速率小于水相.在本实验条件下,H2O2和NO2^-促进了间甲酚在水相...     

PFC-APG-SA水成膜泡沫防治油液储运火灾实验研究*

为有效防治油液在储运过程中易发生火灾问题,针对油液储运火灾特点,研发1种PFC-APG-SA水成膜泡沫材料。基于发泡性能、表面张力、pH值和抗烧性能,对复配的8种水成膜泡沫液开展性能测试实验,优选出最佳配方。结合分子动力学模拟,探究复配表面活性剂在模拟体系界面中分子排布作用的微观机理。研究结果表明:新型水成膜泡沫液发泡倍数为9.5,泡沫形态稳固,表面张力为17.521 mN/m,抗烧时间约为784 s,用量小且可以有效抑制油液燃烧;在分子动力学模拟中,复配的表面活性剂分子在油表面排列更为紧密,与油之间的相互作用能绝对值为8 210.238 kJ/mol,相互作用强且结构稳定。研究结果可为水成膜泡沫在油液储运火灾防治中的应用提供一定参考。     

Adsorption of phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions by aminated hypercrosslinked polymers

Two novel polymers （NJ-1 and N J-2） were synthesized by chemically modified a hypercrosslinked polymer NJ-0 with dimethylamine and trimethylamine, respectively. The comparison of the adsorption properties of the three polymers toward phenol, resorcin and phloroglucin was made. The study focused on the static equilibrium adsorption behaviors and the adsorption thermodynamics. Freundlich equation was found to fit the adsorption results well. The effect of amino groups introduced onto the surface of the resin and the structure of phenolic compounds on the adsorption were also studied. The hydrogen-bonding interaction and electrostatic interaction could happen between the amino groups and the adsorbates. The adsorption impetus increased as quantity of hydroxyl groups increased, but the adsorption capacity decreased due to the drop of the matching degree of the aperture of resins and the diameter of adsorbate molecules.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin

MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 （Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene） as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2＋ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2＋ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

己唑醇在水溶液中的光化学降解研究

研究了高压汞灯光源下己唑醇在不同pH缓冲液中的光化学降解特性及NO3-和NO2-对光解的影响.结果表明,己唑醇在水溶液中的光解符合一级动力学规律.不同pH值缓冲溶液中的光解速率排序为:pH=7>pH=9>pH=5.在己唑醇水溶液中添加不同浓度的NO3-及NO2-,均会不同程度地影响己唑醇的光解速率.在0～20mg·L-1的浓度范围内,NO3-对己唑醇的光解均表现为促进作用,且随着添加浓度的增大促进作用增强;NO2-在0.4和2mg·L-1浓度下,对己唑醇的光解有一定的促进作用,而在10～20mg·L-1浓度时,表现为抑制作用.     

二氯苯在盐水溶液中活度系数的研究

本文采用紫外分光光度法测定了２５．００±０．００１℃下间位和对位二氯苯在ＨＣＯＯＮａ，ＣＨ３ｃＯＯＮａ，（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４，ＭｇＳＯ４和Ｎａ２ＳＯ４水溶液中活度系数（ｆ），它们的ｌｇｆ－Ｃ关系符合Ｓｅｔｓｃｈｎｏｗ盐效应公式。     

Partitioning of organochlorine pesticides from water to polyethylene passive samplers

The mass transfer rates and equilibrium partitioning behaviour of 14 diverse organochlorine pesticides (OCP) between water and polyethylene (PE) passive samplers, cut from custom made PE sheets and commercial polyethylene plastic bags, were quantified. Overall mass transfer coefficients, k_O, estimated PE membrane diffusion coefficients, D_PE, and PE-water partitioning coefficients, K_PE-water, are reported. In addition, the partitioning of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from water to PE is quantified and compared with literature values. K_PE-water values agreed mostly within a factor of two for both passive samplers and also with literature values for the reference PAHs. As PE is expected to exhibit similar sorption behaviour to long-chain alkanes, PE-water partitioning coefficients were compared to hexadecane-water partitioning coefficients estimated with the SPARC online calculator, COSMOtherm and a polyparameter linear free energy relationship based on the Abraham approach. The best correlation for all compounds tested was with COSMOtherm estimated hexadecane-water partitioning coefficients.     

金属废水溶液的中和沉淀净化理论分析

含有害金属废水溶液的中和沉淀净化过程受诸多因素的影响,其中,最重要的有溶液中金属的价态和形态,溶液的离子强度,沉淀物的组成,结构和表面效应等,本文对上述问题作了较全面的理论分析。     

Metals removal from aqueous solution by iron-based bonding agents

GOAL AND SCOPE AND BACKGROUND: The application of a promising method, termed sorptive flotation, for the removal of chromium(VI) and zinc ions was the aim of the present paper. A special case of sorptive flotation is adsorbing colloid flotation. Suitable sorbent preparation techniques have been developed in the laboratory. METHODS: Sorptive flotation, consisting of the sorption and flotation processes combined in series, has proved to give fast and satisfactory treatment of the industrial streams and effluents bearing dilute aqueous solutions of zinc and chromium(VI). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Goethite has proved to be effective for the removal of chromium(VI) and zinc ions. Also, adsorbing colloid flotation with ferric hydroxide (as the co-precipitant) could be an alternative method to the above-mentioned separation of metal ions. In both cases, chromium(VI) (pH=4) and zinc (pH=7) removal was about 100%. CONCLUSION: The reasons for selecting the iron-based bonding materials, like goethite and/or in-situ produced ferric hydroxide, are that they are cheap, easily synthesized, suitable both for cation and anion sorption, and, furthermore, that they present low risks for adding a further pollutant to the system. Promising results were obtained. RECOMMENDATION AND OUTLOOK: The application of goethite and in-situ produced ferric hydroxide has demonstrated their effectiveness in the removal of heavy metal ions, such as chromium anions and zinc cations. A proposed continuation of current work is the utilization of similar iron oxides, for instance synthesized akaganeite. The comparison between the results reported in this paper with the results reported in the literature, also deserves attention.