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91.
Changes in forest and agricultural land management practices have the potential to increase carbon (C) storage by terrestrial
systems, thus offsetting C emissions to the atmosphere from energy production. This study assesses that potential for three
terrestrial management practices within the state of Virginia, USA: afforestation of marginal agricultural lands; afforestation
of riparian agricultural lands; and changing tillage practices for row crops; each was evaluated on a statewide basis and
for seven regions within the state. Lands eligible for each practice were identified, and the C storage potential of each
practice on those lands was estimated through a modeling procedure that utilized land-resource characteristics represented
in Geographic Information System databases. Marginal agricultural lands’ afforestation was found to have the greatest potential
(1.4 Tg C yr−1, on average, over the first 20 years) if applied on all eligible lands, followed by riparian afforestation (0.2 Tg C yr−1 over 20 years) and tillage conversion (0.1 Tg C yr−1 over 14 years). The regions with the largest potentials are the Ridge and Valley of western Virginia (due to extensive areas
of steep, shallow soils) and in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain in eastern Virginia (wet soils). Although widespread and rapid
implementation of the three modeled practices could be expected to offset only about 3.4% of Virginia’s energy-related CO2 emissions over the following 20 years (equivalent to about 8.5% of a Kyoto Treaty–based target), they could contribute to
achievement of C-management goals if implemented along with other mitigation measures. 相似文献
92.
农地非农化问题研究述评 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
土地是农业最基本的生产要素,随着经济的发展和城市化进程的加快,农地非农化规模越来越大,农用地的减少引发了我国粮食和生态安全等问题,“吃饭”与建设之间的矛盾日益突出。对此,国内外学者对农地非农化问题进行了大量研究,分析了我国农地非农化的现状和发展趋势,综述了部分学者的观点。 相似文献
93.
J. J. M. Cuppen G. F. Wiegertjes H. W. J. Lobee H. F. J. Savelkoul M. A. Elmusharaf A. C. Beynen H. N. A. Grooten W. Smink 《The Environmentalist》2007,27(4):577-583
A hypothesis is proposed how Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field (LF EMF) exposure can stimulate an immune response, based
on recent insights in immunology. We hypothesize that the Immunent EMF treatment induces mild stress to cells, which then
produce cytokines that function as alarms or so called danger signals for the immune system. In this way EMF treatment takes
the place of multiplying pathogens, and the damage these cause, in the triggering of an immune response. In a first series
of experiments in␣vitro common carp head kidney-derived phagocytes were used to determine ROS production as a measure for
immune activation. Exposure to LF EMF signals (200–5,000 Hz) at 5 μT or 1.5 mT led to 42 or 33% increase in immune activity,
respectively, compared to negative control values. EMF could also additionally stimulate chemically pre-stimulated samples
up to 18% (5 μT) or 22% (1.5 mT). Significance of increase in ROS production in the total series was: p < 0.0001. In a second series of experiments in␣vitro commercial goldfish were used. Groups of fish were housed under equal
conditions in at least four control tanks and 8–16 EMF-exposed tanks. Exposure was done with a predominantly vertical field
at field strengths (rms) between 0.15 and 50 μT. Without treatment mortality was about 50% after 18 days, while the treatment
at 5 μT reduced it to 20% on average. At field strengths 0.15, 0.5, 1.5, 5, 15 and 50 μT an equally strong effect was found.
Reducing the field strength to 0.05, 0.06, 0.01 and 0.003 μT showed a gradually decreasing effect, which only at 0.003 μT
is no longer statistically significant. Finally, in␣vitro experiments were done with 560 commercial broiler chickens exposed
to infection pressure from coccidiosis. EMF exposure at 6.5 μT reduced intestinal lesions by 40% and improved feed conversion
by 8%. 相似文献
94.
滑坡转化为泥石流机理研究综述 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
对国内外有关滑坡转化为泥石流的机理的研究做了全面的综述,重点介绍了国外最新的研究成果,阐明了今后研究的方向.滑坡转化为泥石流机理的研究,处于滑坡动力学与泥石流形成学的交叉点,既是学科的边缘问题,也是学科的前沿问题.滑坡转化为泥石流的过程是一个和土体液化密切相关的流态化过程,是土体和水体强烈相互作用的结果.滑坡直接转化为泥石流的机理的两个核心问题是超静孔压的产生和超静孔压的保持.Iverson对这一问题的研究直接促进了滑坡流态化理论的发展,并形成了最新的泥石流运动模型--库伦混合流理论,是对传统的基于流变关系的泥石流模型的重大突破.土体中粘性颗粒对滑坡直接转化为泥石流过程的影响,需要进一步进行研究.滑坡转化为沟谷泥石流是一个更为复杂的过程,是今后研究的重点. 相似文献
95.
有些特定的工作环境,在不能够确定空气状态参数的情况下,不允许对其进行通风处理。本文介绍了一种可以在线检测空气状态,并根据判定标志,自动开启换气设备的智能仪器。它对于工作环境的改善,人身健康的保护,仪器使用及物品存放的安全都具有较高的实用和推广价值。 相似文献
96.
为探究西安市大气PM_(2.5)中水溶性离子的污染特征及来源,本研究采集2017~2018年的PM_(2.5)样品,利用离子色谱仪测定9种水溶性离子(SO~(2-)_4、NO~-_3、Cl~-、F~-、Na~+、Mg~(2+)、NH~+_4、K~+和Ca~(2+))的浓度水平,并对NH~+_4的存在形式分析、氮氧化率(NOR)、硫氧化率(SOR)以及[NO~-_3]/[SO~(2-)_4]等进行探究.结果表明,西安市PM_(2.5)中水溶性离子主要来自扬尘、燃煤、生物质燃烧和二次生成.Ca~(2+)、SO~(2-)_4、NH~+_4和NO~-_3是西安市大气PM_(2.5)中主要的水溶性离子.相关性分析结果表明,西安市春季NH~+_4不能完全中和SO~(2-)_4,未中和的SO~(2-)_4主要与K~+和Ca~(2+)结合;夏季NH~+_4主要以NH_4HSO_4和(NH_4)_2SO_4的形式存在于大气中;秋季的NH~+_4主要以NH_4HSO_4和NH_4NO_3的形式存在;冬季大气中NH~+_4多以(NH_4)_2SO_4和NH_4NO_3的形式存在.硫氧化率和氮氧化率的年均值分别为0.35和0.16,说明研究期间SO~(2-)_4、NO~-_3的二次生成率较大.[NO~-_3]/[SO~(2-)_4]比值说明西安市春夏季主要受固定源影响,秋冬季主要受移动源影响. 相似文献
97.
硝酸磷肥装置含氨尾气系统改造 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
分析硝酸磷肥装置含氨尾气系统存在的问题,介绍改造工艺,主要设备和改造后收到的良好经济效益及社会效益。 相似文献
98.
99.
通过对六种植物配置方式及三种开发模式的对比试验分析,试验出了一种融水土保持效益与经济效益于一体的高效生态经济型造林模式,并探讨了灰毡毛忍冬产量与海拔高度的关系.结果表明:在自然条件恶劣的小沙江高海拔山区,采用金银花(品种为灰毡毛忍冬) 三木药材或其它草本药材,运用景观生态学原理进行设计开发,可获得很好的经济效益与社会效益,并能保持山区的可持续发展.同时还试验出了主栽树种灰毡毛忍冬在海拔1000~1400m之间时经济效益最好. 相似文献
100.
Chen Zongliang Zhang Yang Wang Yubao Zhuang Yahui KazuhikoSakamoto Katsunori Kimijim Tadao Suzuki Masahiro Uchiyam Yoshikazu Hashimoto Hisao oht Yasuaki mae NobutoshiHoriuchi Shin Suzuki 《环境科学学报(英文版)》1990,2(1):41-48
The conversion rates of SO2 to SO2-4 and NO2 to HNO3+NO3- are estimated from the field-data obtained in Beijing in summer, 1988. The results show that the conversion rate of NO2 is about four times as much as that of SO2; The conversion rates have a diurnal variation in a day. On the average, the rate of SO2 is estimated to be 4.7% h-1 during the daytime and 3.4% h-1 during the nighttime. Similarly, the rate of NO2 is estimated to be 17.2% h-1 and 12% h-1 respectively. 相似文献