不同溶剂提取芦竹化感物质对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响

研究并比较了3种极性不同的有机溶剂(甲醇、乙酸乙酯、正己烷)提取的芦竹(Arundo donax Linn.)化感物质对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响.通过跟踪观察藻细胞形态,测定藻细胞密度和细胞大小,发现3种溶剂提取物对铜绿微囊藻均有抑制作用.抑藻作用出现早晚次序:甲醇提取物<乙酸乙酯提取物<正己烷提取物.随作用时间的延长,投加低浓度甲醇提取物藻细胞生长恢复明显,高浓度抑藻效果较乙酸乙酯提取物及正己烷提取物弱.高浓度乙酸乙酯提取物、正己烷提取物在分别作用2　d、 4 d　后,抑藻效果均接近100%.各溶剂提取物的半效应质量浓度(EC_50,6　d)分别为甲醇提取物0.17　 g·L^-1,乙酸乙酯提取物0.05 g·L^-1,正己烷提取物0.08 g·L^-1.研究同时发现,投加甲醇提取物藻细胞空洞化,投加乙酸乙酯提取物藻细胞空洞化、破碎以及部分抱团,投加正己烷提取物藻细胞出现褶皱及聚团现象.各溶剂提取物均引起铜绿微囊藻细胞体积减小,其中乙酸乙酯提取物的效果最强.     

溶藻放线菌的分离鉴定及其溶藻特性

从水华发生水塘的泥土中分离到一株溶藻放线菌L74,对该菌溶解铜绿微囊藻、鱼腥藻、颤藻、水华束丝藻的效果及溶藻方式进行了研究,利用16SrDNA序列分析对其进行了鉴定。结果表明,该菌不仅对铜绿微囊藻具有良好的溶藻效果,而且对鱼腥藻、颤藻、水华束丝藻也有良好的去除作用。对铜绿微囊藻的效解作用依赖于初始菌浓度,当初始藻液中菌浓度>1×104cfu/mL时,可产生明显的溶藻作用,6d后对铜绿微囊藻的去除率达82.6%。通过溶藻方式的研究发现,该菌菌体和胞外代谢产物都具有溶藻作用,且这种胞外代谢产物对温度敏感,当温度达到110℃时会使该溶藻物质失去活性。16SrDNA序列分析表明L74菌与多株弗氏链霉菌的16SrDNA核苷酸序列的同源性达到了100%,归属于弗氏链霉菌。     

TiO2光催化氧化降解微囊藻毒素研究进展

TiO2光催化氧化是一项很有应用前景的高级氧化技术,本文综述了TiO2光催化氧化降解藻毒素的机理及其改进技术（包括TiO2光催化剂的改良和以TiO2光催化氧化为基础的组合工艺）,并对该技术投入实际应用所需要进一步解决的问题进行了探讨。     

贵州省红枫湖饮用水源地微囊藻毒素含量与水体中氮、磷含量等的相关性

2008年6~9月对贵州省红枫湖饮用水源地A、B、C采样点及取水口采样,研究了水体中微囊藻毒素即总藻毒素(total microcystin RR和total microcystin LR,TMC-RR、TMC-LR),胞外藻毒素(extracellular microcystin RR和extracellular microcystin LR,EMC-RR、EMC-LR)和胞内藻毒素(intracellular microcystin RR和intracellular microcystin LR,IMC-RR、IMC-LR)含量及相关的TN、TP、NH4-N、NO2-N、COD、Ch1a、pH等理化指标的变化情况,讨论了理化指标与藻毒素含量之间的相互关系。结果表明藻毒素在时间及空间上分布不均,无明显规律性。藻类高发期间藻毒素以胞内毒素为主要存在形式,去除藻毒素保障饮用水安全最重要的是去除饮用水源水中的藻类。相关性分析表明藻毒素含量与pH、NO2-N、Ch1a具有统计学意义上的相关性,综合回归分析的结果,pH是影响藻毒素的重要因子,因此贵州省喀斯特弱碱性特殊水环境与藻毒素产生的环境条件值得各方面高度关注。     

富营养化水体中微囊藻、菌、病毒数量关系初步研究

通过测定铜绿微囊藻、菌、病毒的数量以及总磷、总氮的浓度变化,研究了富营养化水体中藻、菌、病毒之间的数量关系。结果表明:病毒和第二天的藻细胞数呈显著负相关(r=-0.655,P0.01),其显著水平高于与当天藻细胞数的相关性(r=-0.578,P0.05),菌和第二天的藻也具有显著负相关性(r=-0.500,P0.05),回归分析表明,病毒的波动能够解释51.9%的藻细胞数的变化,菌的波动能够解释46.4%的藻细胞数的变化,藻细胞数与菌数的回归方程的确定系数低于藻细胞数与病毒数的确定系数。此外,藻和总磷存在极显著负相关性(r=-0.747,P0.01),病毒和总磷之间存在极显著正相关(r=0.857,P0.01)。上述结果说明,浮游病毒和浮游细菌丰度是影响藻类数量的重要因子,且富营养化水体中的浮游病毒可以通过裂解宿主细胞而加速了磷元素的循环。     

微囊藻毒素分离及鉴定

微囊藻毒素是一类由蓝藻产生的具有肝毒性的生物毒素。微囊藻毒素标准品是开展为微囊藻毒素相关研究的必需的实验材料,文章以滇池天然水华蓝藻为原料,建立了以5%乙酸和75%的甲醇溶液提取,通过优化提取、分离和制备条件,制备了一定量的微囊藻毒素高纯度样品,经HPLC鉴定分析,纯度可达90%以上。文章在相同的质谱条件下分别对MC-LR和[Dha7]MC-LR等毒素进行了质谱检测,一级质谱结果表明,MC-LR和[Dha7]MC-LR的一价电离离子峰分别为995和981,MC-RR的二价电离离子峰为520,并分析它们的二级质谱裂解特征,确定三种毒素化学结构MC-RR为环(Ala-Arg-MeAsp-Arg-Adda-Glu-Mdha)、MC-LR为环(Ala-Leu-MeAsp-Arg-Adda-Glu-Mdha)、[Dha7]MC-LR为环(Ala-Leu-MeAsp-Arg-Adda-Glu-Dha)。改良后的检测方法同样应用于检测受微囊藻毒素污染的武汉东湖水样。     

Using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model animal for assessing the toxicity induced by microcystin-LR

Among more than 75 variants of microcystin(MC),microcystin-LR(MC-LR) is one of the most common toxins.In this study,the feasibility of using Caenorhabditis elegans to evaluate MC-LR toxicity was studied.C.elegans was treated with MC-LR at different concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 80 μg/L.The results showed that MC-LR could reduce lifespan,delay development,lengthen generation time,decrease brood size,suppress locomotion behavior,and decreases hsp-16-2-gfp expression.The endpoints of generation time,brood...     

Induction of chemotaxis to sodium chloride and diacetyl and thermotaxis defects by microcystin-LR exposure in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Apart from the liver disruption, embryotoxicity and genotoxicity, microcystin (MC)-LR also could cause neurotoxicity. Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was explored as a model to study the neurotoxicity. In the present study, we provided evidence to indicate the neurotoxicity on chemotaxis to NaCl and diacetyl, and thermotaxis from MC-LR exposure to C. elegans. As a result, higher concentrations of MC-LR caused significantly severe defects of chemotaxis to NaC1 and diacetyl, and thermotaxis. The neurotoxicity on chemotaxis to NaCl and diacetyl, and thennotaxis from MC-LR exposure might be largely mediated by the damage on the corresponding sensory neurons (ASE, AWA, and AFD) and interneuron AIY. The expression levels of che-1 and odr-7 were significantly decreased (P<0.01) in animals exposed to MC-LR at concentrations lower than 10 μg/L, whereas the expression levels of ttx-1 and ttx-3 could be significantly (P<0.01) lowered in animals even exposed to 1 μg/L of MC-LR. Moreover, both the chemotaxis to NaCl and diacetyl and the thermotaxis were more significantly reduced m MC-LR exposed mutants of che-1(p674), odr-7(ky4), ttx-1(p767), and ttx-3(ks5) than those in exposed wild-type N2 animals at the same concentrations.     

富营养化水体中微囊藻毒素（MCs）去除技术研究进展

当前,随着工业的发展水体富营养化程度日益严重。引起富营养化的主要藻类一蓝藻,能够释放对人体及鱼类具有多器官毒性、遗传性和致癌性的毒素——微囊藻毒素（MCs）。MCs治理技术种类繁多,传统的物理法如：混凝沉淀、膜过滤、活性炭吸附、气浮以及直接过滤只能对简单的处理细胞内的MCs;化学氧化法、光催化氧化法以及高级氧化法虽然能有效处理水体中的MCs．但有成本高、易二次污染和操作复杂等缺点,难以满足日益严格的环保要求;生物酶法除了具有生物降解法所具有的廉价、无二次污染、降解彻底和易操作等特点外,还被刺用来监控水体中MCs,它将成为今后重点研究的技术领域．     

Microbial biodegradation of microcystin-RR by bacterium Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05

A strain,USTB-05,isolated from Lake Dianchi,China,degraded the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin-RR(MC-RR) at the rate of 16.7 mg/L per day.Analysis of 16S rDNA sequence showed that the strain was Sphingopyxis sp.Enzymatic degradation pathways for MC-RR by Sphingopyxis sp.USTB-05 were identified.Adda-Arg peptide bond of MC-RR was cleaved and then a hydrogen and a hydroxyl were combined onto the NH 2 group of Adda and the carboxyl group of arginine to form a linear molecule as intermediate product within the ...