钐对小鼠睾丸组织超微结构的影响

为评价稀土元素钐对雄性小鼠睾丸组织结构的影响,将小鼠分组,并饮用含硝酸钐0、5、50、500、2000mg/L的蒸馏水,90d后处死,称量体重和睾丸重量,制备光镜和电镜切片.结果表明,与对照组相比,2000mg/L剂量组的小鼠睾丸脏器系数显著降低;光镜观察显示高剂量组的小鼠睾丸曲细精管萎缩、变性,结构紊乱,生精细胞明显减少;电镜观察显示高剂量的钐可致曲细精管管膜萎缩,各级生精细胞均受到不同程度的损伤,线粒体普遍出现肿胀、空泡化现象,核膜模糊或缺失,染色质边集.提示500,2000mg/L剂量下的钐暴露对小鼠的睾丸组织具有一定的损伤效应.     

天津秋冬季PM2.5碳组分化学特征与来源分析

为研究天津大气PM2.5中有机碳和元素碳的特征,于2009年9月4日到2010年2月25日在天津3个监测点位采集PM2.5样品,分析了PM2.5颗粒中元素碳和有机碳的含量特征、与气象条件的相互关系、以及碳组分的来源.结果表明3个监测点位PM2.5的平均质量浓度为123.85μg/m3;TC的平均浓度为18.76μg/m3,其中OC的平均浓度为14.48μg/m3,EC的平均浓度为4.27μg/m3,日均OC和EC浓度分别占PM2.5的11.7%和3.5%.秋季SOC的估算值为5.1μg/m3, 占OC的40.7%、PM2.5的4.3%;冬季SOC的估算值为6.5μg/m3, 占OC的35.7%,PM2.5的4.9%.观测期间EC与温度呈比较好的负相关关系; OC、EC、TC的浓度与风速有较好的负相关性.48h后推气流轨迹结果显示局地盘旋的气流(L)和来自天津北方或西北方区域气流(N/NW)有较高的碳组分浓度;天津大气PM2.5中碳组分受包括生物质燃烧、汽车排放、燃煤和道路扬尘混合来源影响.     

采空塌陷区埋地输气管道的变形及受力分析

针对采空塌陷对输气管道的潜在威胁,采用管道－土壤相互作用（PSI）单元,结合三向土弹簧非线性模型,建立采空塌陷区埋地输气管道的有限元计算模型,分析了不同管径、壁厚和内压影响下管道的变形和受力规律,并确定最大变形和最大受力的位置。结果表明:适当增加壁厚和减少内压能有效提高管道的安全性;最大Von-Mises应力和最大竖向应变位置均在内边缘塌陷区且靠近中间塌陷区;最大轴向应力和最大轴向应变位置均位于中间塌陷区两侧。所得结果对埋地输气管道穿越采空区的安全防护具有一定参考价值。     

Effects of leaching from alkaline red mud on soil biota: modelling the conditions after the Hungarian red mud disaster

A soil column experiment was set up to investigate the effect of red mud from Ajka (Hungary) on a typical soil profile from the affected area. The chemical changes caused by the red mud leachate and the effects of these changes on living organisms were assessed. Ecotoxicological tests were performed with Vibrio fischeri, Sinapis alba and Folsomia candida and the number of aerobic heterotrophic microorganisms was determined. The total, plant-available, exchangeable and water-soluble fractions of Na, Mo, Cu and Cr increased in the soil, mostly owing to their leaching from the red mud layer, but partly to the increase in the pH and DOC concentration. The chemical changes only had significant effects on the test organisms in the 0–30 cm soil layer, except for F. candida, which also had a lower survival rate in the 30–50 cm soil layer. No severe toxic effects were detected in the test organisms; in fact a stimulating effect was revealed for the aerobic heterotrophic cell number and for S. alba germination. However, the red mud itself was toxic, so the ecotoxicological tests justified the removal of red mud from the soil surface after the disaster.     

Variation in trace element mobility and nitrogen metabolism of Verbascum olympicum Boiss. under copper stress

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of copper (Cu) stress on accumulation and transport of trace elements, nitrogen assimilation, and growth parameters of Verbascum olympicum. Eight-week-old seedlings were grown in Hoagland's solution and exposed to 0, 50, 250, or 500?µM CuSO₄ for seven days in laboratory conditions. Bioaccumulation of trace elements (boron, bismuth, cobalt, Cu, iron, lithium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, zinc) in the roots and leaves was determined by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry after one, three, and seven days. Chlorophyll content, nitrate reductase, and glutamine synthetase activities, soluble protein content, and biomass were determined. Copper accumulated in the roots and leaves (up to 19609.8 and 256.2?mg?kg^?1 dry weight, respectively). Other trace elements accumulated to higher levels in the roots of Cu-treated plants compared with those of control plants. High Cu concentrations decreased nitrogen-assimilatory enzyme activities. Compared with control plants, those treated with high Cu concentrations showed lower chlorophyll contents, total protein contents, and biomass. Nitrogen assimilation and growth parameters of V. olympicum were negatively affected by Cu treatment but mineral nutrition was not severely disrupted. The results support the suitability of V. olympicum as a candidate for phytoremediation of Cu-contaminated soils.     

Seismic vulnerability assessment of water supply network in Tianjin,China

The water supply network （WSN） system is a critical element of civil infrastructure systems. Its complexity of operation and high number of components mean that all parts of the system cannot be simply assessed. Earthquakes are the most serious natural hazard to a WSN, and seismic risk assessment is essential to identify its vulnerability to different stages of damage and ensure the system safety. In this paper, using a WSN located in the airport area of Tianjin in northern China as a case study, a quantitative vulnerability assessment method was used to assess the damage that the water supply pipelines would suffer in an earthquake, and the finite element software ABAQUS and fuzzy mathematic theory were adopted to construct the assessment method. ABAQUS was applied to simulate the seismic damage to pipe segments and components of the WSN. Membership functions based on fuzzy theory were established to calculate the membership of the components in the system. However, to consider the vulnerability of the whole system, fuzzy cluster analysis was used to distinguish the importance of pipe segments and components. Finally, the vulnerability was quantified by these functions. The proposed methodology aims to assess the performance of WSNs based on pipe vulnerabilities that are simulated and calculated by the model and the mathematical method based on data of damage. In this study, a whole seismic vulnerability assessment method for a WSN was built, and these analyses are expected to provide necessary information for a mitigation plan in an earthquake disaster.     

强震作用下地埋结构的数值模型

应用时域边界元法研究了结构 介质动力相互作用问题。假设摩擦遵守库仑定理 ,当入射波足够强时界面会出现局部滑移、分离。由于边界上的区域 (滑移、分离和粘着 )是未知的 ,所以 ,笔者研究的实际上是个复杂的边界非线性问题。该模型对评估和预测地埋结构在动荷载下的安全具有重要的理论价值     

沪宁杭城市密集区市场化差异研究

提出了市场化为商品和生产要素的市场化以及经济化体制与机制的统一。分析了沪宁杭城市密集区生产要素市场化的总体特征。选取了市场化指标体系,用主成分分析法确定了影响沪宁杭城市密集区市场化进程的基本因素,利用层次分析法定量分析了沪宁杭 城市密集区市场化进程的差异。在此基础上,提出了推进沪宁杭城市密集区市场化整体协调发展的对策建议：大力发展要素市场,实现商品与要素市场的互促共进。继续深化企业改革,推进企业市场化。加快对外贸易市场化步伐,促进经济外向化。大力发展第三产业,推动工业化和市场化进程的统一。全方位稳定发展农村外向型经济,促进农村市场化。因势利导。 进沪宁杭城市密集区各城市市场化的协调发展。     

熵权物元分析模型在湖泊富营养化评价中的应用

根据熵权法确定评价指标权重,利用物元分析方法对湖泊富营养化进行综合评价,评价结果与属性识别理论方法、模糊隶属函数法进行对比,结果表明,利用物元分析法进行湖泊富营养化评价是可行的。     

大型冶炼厂重金属环境污染特征及其生态效应

对湖北某大型冶炼厂周边的土壤-水-水体底泥-农作物体系进行了系统研究.结果表明,水稻土中重金属含量普遍高于旱地土,均表现为耕作层显著地高于深层.其中,Cd含量为国标三级土壤阈值的8～26倍.Cu、Pb、Cr、Ni、Zn在大多数样品中不超标,但远高于对照区.耕作层中重金属的可还原态、可氧化态、残渣态分量之和大大高于弱酸提取态,而可还原态和可氧化态分量之和则远高于残渣态.深层的弱酸提取态含量远高于其余3态之和,与已有的研究结果不同.该区域生长的蔬菜呈现Cd、Pb复合污染,糙米中Cd含量超标.作物的重金属污染与元素的形态分布密切相关,其中弱酸提取态分量愈高,作物愈易受污染.