Removal of a type of endocrine disruptors-di-n-butyl phthalate from water by ozonation

Ozonation of synthetic water containing a type of endocrine disruptor-di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） was examined. Key impact factors such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, ozone dosage and initial DBP concentration were investigated. In addition, the activities of radicals on uncatalysed and catalysed ozonation were studied. The degradation intermediate products were followed and the kinetic of the ozonation were assessed as well. Results revealed that ozonation of DBP followed two mechanisms. Firstly, the reaction rate of direct ozonation was slower at lower pH, temperature, and ionic strength. Secondly, when these factors were increased for indirect radical reaction, higher percentage of DBP was removed with the increase of the initial ozone dosage and the decrease of the initial DBP concentration. In addition, tea-butanol, humic substances and Fe（Ⅱ） affected DBP ozonation through the radical pathway. It was determined that ozonation was restrained by adding tea-butanol for its radical inhibition effect. Furthermore, humic substances enhanced the reaction to some extent, but a slight negative effect would be encountered if the optimum dosage was exceeded. As a matter of fact, Mn（Ⅱ） affected the ozonation by ＂active sites＂ mechanism. In the experiment, three different kinds of intermediate products were produced during ozonation, but the amount of products for each one of them decreased as pH, temperature, ionic strength and initial ozone dosage increased. A kinetic equation of the reaction between ozone and DBP was obtained.     

滨海旱作盐化潮土铵氮吸附特性研究

苏北滨海地区盐碱性土壤通过耕作措施进行了长期改良,探讨铵氮在该类型土壤中的吸附特性对防控盐碱土区域氮素流失风险具有重要意义。选取苏北平原滨海地区典型盐化潮土,开展了铵氮吸附特性室内模拟研究,描述吸附等温过程,探讨初始浓度和p H的影响,揭示铵氮吸附的动力学和热力学特征。结果表明:铵氮平衡吸附变化满足Langmuir吸附等温式,以单分子层电性吸附模式为主;吸附过程符合Elovich方程;溶液初始浓度越大、p H越高、温度越低,铵氮吸附量越大,但吸附速率降低;热力学参数估算显示该吸附是放热过程,初始浓度增加,吸附需克服的能垒越高。     

从系统动力学的视角看风险的本质与分类

从系统动力学的视角论述了风险的系统动力学特征，并在分析风险分类重要性的基础上，提出从风险的系统动力学特征出发，以风险因素作为风险分类依据的分类的构想，该风险分类体系有利于加强风险基础数据库建设，提高风险分析和管理水平。     

胡敏酸对TNT的吸附/解吸行为及机制研究

正研究了胡敏酸吸附TNT的动力学、TNT在胡敏酸上的吸附-解吸等温线,以及胡敏酸在吸附TNT前后的红外光谱。结果表明,当TNT溶液体积与胡敏酸质量的比例为400mL∶1g时,胡敏酸吸附TNT的动力学曲线以Elovich方程拟合效果最佳,TNT在胡敏酸上的吸附是先快速后慢速的非均相扩散过程;胡敏酸对TNT的吸附率与TNT溶液的初始浓度负相关,而TNT解吸率与TNT溶液的初始     

船舶垃圾燃烧失重特性研究

在不同升温速率和不同O2气氛下对船舶垃圾(CSW)的燃烧特性进行热重分析,并使用不同方法对其进行动力学参数求解。根据船用焚烧炉的特点,选择温度范围为100~1 100℃,结果表明:CSW燃烬物较少,只有6.02%(质量分数);根据微分热重(DTG)曲线,燃烧的温度区间分为3段,其中在200~600℃反应基本完成,在600~800℃反应的物质较少。CSW在气氛O2/N2(体积比)=30∶70下的燃烧性能是3种气氛中最好的。在气氛O2/N2=30∶70下,通过FWO法计算得CSW的平均活化能为162.588kJ/mol,通过KAS法计算得CSW的平均活化能为160.677kJ/mol。     

壳聚糖对污染土壤中吸附态Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附行为研究

研究了壳聚糖作为萃取剂对污染土壤中Pb2+的吸附行为,考察了,溶液pH值、吸附时间和壳聚糖质量浓度对吸附行为的影响,分别用langmuir、Freundlich吸附热力学模型和Lagergren一级、HO YS二级、Elovich方程和粒子内部扩散吸附动力学模型对吸附热力学和动力学进行分析.结果表明:当pH=5、温度为45℃时提取率达到最大,提取率为46.3%;吸附过程中吸热,吸附自发进行;吸附过程在热力学方面符合Freundlich方程.相关系数为0.998 7,在动力学方面符合Lagergren一级吸附动力学模型,相关系数为0.991 2.     

矿化垃圾对渗滤液的吸附试验及其动力学研究

应用矿化垃圾吸附处理实际渗滤液中的COD和氨氮,分别研究了粒径、投加量、pH对吸附效果的影响,并在最佳吸附条件下对吸附过程进行动力学分析。结果表明,反应360min时,COD吸附达到平衡,去除率达到69.01%,单位吸附量为87.91mg/g;反应510min时,氨氮吸附达到平衡,去除率达到71.45%,单位吸附量为16.86mg/g,这表明用矿化垃圾作为吸附剂吸附垃圾渗滤液中的COD和氨氮是可行的;用COD和氨氮动力学数据拟合吸附过程,均符合伪二级动力学方程。     

混凝-活性炭-膜工艺处理黄磷化工渗滤液的研究

采用混凝-活性炭-膜工艺对黄磷化工渗滤液进行处理,重点考察了该工艺对有机物的去除机制.实验结果表明,混凝剂硫酸铝的投加量为0.2g/L时,渗滤液中各污染物去除率较好;颗粒活性炭对渗滤液中有机物的吸附容量几乎不受渗滤液pH的影响,吸附等温线更符合修正的Freundlich模型,拟二级动力学模型能更好地定量描述有机物在颗粒活性炭上的吸附过程;膜处理进一步提高了剩余有机物和其他污染物的去除率.     

流化床生物反应器培养青蒿毛状根生产青蒿素

利用自制的流化床生物反应器进行青蒿毛状根多层培养生产青蒿素．对毛状根在生物反应器生长过程的形态特征进行观察，并在合适的工艺条件下，经２０ｄ分批培养获得生物量干重２１．３ｇ／Ｌ，青蒿素产量３４９．８ｍｇ／Ｌ，并对培养过程中底物消耗的动力学进行了研究．