化学沉淀法去除垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮

为了有效地去除垃圾渗滤液中高浓度的ＮＨ＾＋４－Ｎ而避免传统吹脱法造成吹脱塔内碳酸盐结垢问题,探讨了采用化学药剂诸加ＭｇＣｌ２·６Ｈ２Ｏ和Ｎａ２ＨＰＯ４·１２Ｈ２Ｏ或ＭｇＯ和Ｈ３ＰＯ４使ＮＨ＾＋４－Ｎ生成磷酸铵镁的化学沉淀去除法。小试研究结果表明,当垃圾渗滤液中投加ＭｇＣｌ２·６Ｈ２Ｏ和Ｎａ２ＨＰＯ４·１２Ｈ２Ｏ而使Ｍｇ＾２＋：ＮＨ＾＋４：ＰＯ＾３－４的比例为１：１：１时,在最佳ｐＨ为８．５～９．０     

脱氮硫杆菌处理垃圾填埋场渗滤污水的研究

在填充不同粒径硫磺的固定床反应器中,研究脱氮硫杆菌去除垃圾填埋场消化渗滤污水中硝酸盐的可行性,结果表明,当ＨＲＴ为５．７１ｈ,硫磺粒径为２．８－５．６ｍｍ时,最高处理浓度达４００ｍｇ／Ｌ,达以反硝化所需的最小停留时间取决于硫磺粒径及进水硝酸盐浓度。     

城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场选址研究

结合城市垃圾卫生填埋场的实例和工程实践的经验,分别从城市总体规划、场址自然地理条件、填埋场的库容、场地外部建设条件和满足社会法律的要求等几个方面对填埋场的场址的选择做了详细的分析和探讨。     

芬顿阴极-电凝聚臭氧气浮工艺处理MBR出水特性

为去除垃圾渗滤液MBR出水有机物,以铝(Al)为阳极,碳聚四氟乙烯(C-PTFE)为阴极构建了芬顿阴极-电凝聚臭氧气浮工艺,通过与常规电絮凝阴极(Al和SS)对比,探明了该工艺对垃圾渗滤液MBR膜出水的去除特性.结果表明:在pH5和臭氧流量为300mL/min时,芬顿阴极体系相比于SS和Al阴极体系对COD的去除率分别...     

固废填埋长期环境安全和寿命预测研究综述

我国固废填埋场数量多、运行水平低、设施老化快、预期寿命偏短且寿命到期后老化严重.与此相对,固废填埋场寿命相关研究却存在关注度较少、研究方向不明确、研究内容不系统等问题.本文综述了通用工程领域寿命预测的基本概念及其发展历程,分门别类地梳理工程寿命预测的主要研究对象和研究方法;在此基础上,结合固体废物填埋工程和实际特征,系...     

重庆市危险废物市场分析及预测

随着危险废物政策的不断完善,以及重庆市对环境监管力度的不断加大,危险废物收集体系日益健全,危险废物产生、收集、集中处置量将继续增长。现有利用处置设施能力不足,规划的利用处置设施能力与处置缺口出现结构不平衡问题。针对这些问题,对重庆市危险废物的产量及处置现状、现有及规划的危废利用处置设施进行了统计整理分析,并对未来产量进行预测,明确产业发展方向,为行业内或有意进入该行业的相关企业提供参考。     

Utilization of UV‐A and UV‐C radiation in advanced oxidation processes with the intention of removing color and organic matter from the gross leachate of a stabilized sanitary landfill

The present work investigated color and biochemical oxygen demand (COD) removal from treated landfill leachate via advanced oxidative processes (AOPs) artificially emitted. The AOP H₂O₂/UV, TiO₂/UV, and photolysis were tested in two bench‐scale photoreactors: The first one with UV‐C lamp and the other with UV‐A lamp associated or not with coagulation / flocculation pretreatment. Crude leachate samples with pH ranging from 8 to 3 were used, and time varied in 30, 45, and 60 minutes. Experiments were performed in two stages: step 1 with a 20 mL volume from each sample and step 2 with repetition of the best results from the previous step, adopting the 150 mL volume. In step 1, the AOP applied in the crude leachate sample showed the best results, standing out H₂O₂/UV‐C with 30 minutes and TiO₂/UV‐A with 60 minutes. In step 2, H₂O₂/UV‐C had a 60% color removal and 25% COD reduction, while TiO₂/UV‐A had a 10% color removal and 20% COD reduction. Therefore, the H₂O₂/UV‐C process was the most efficient, because the complex characteristics of the effluent interfered in the TiO₂/UV‐A efficiency, but it is necessary to eliminate the process interferences. The use of artificial radiation is a viable alternative; however, it can be costly, being relevant in the associations between processes with artificial UV and solar UV, as the natural radiation becomes more attractive and allows the process operating costs reduction.     

共价键型有机硅铝复合絮凝剂的混凝效果

利用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、二乙氧基二甲基硅烷(DEDMS)和γ-氨丙基二乙氧基甲基硅烷(APDES)3种硅烷偶联剂作为有机硅源,制备了共价键型有机硅铝复合絮凝剂,研究了共价键型有机硅铝复合絮凝剂处理浊度水、色度水、含油废水以及垃圾渗滤液膜浓缩液的效果。结果表明,3种共价键型有机硅铝复合絮凝剂具有优良的除浊脱色性能,其除油效果远远优于无机高分子絮凝剂。对于垃圾渗滤液膜浓缩液,共价键型有机硅铝复合絮凝剂可以去除常规絮凝剂无法去除的物质,显著降低出水COD。3种共价键型絮凝剂中,以TEOS为硅源的共价键型絮凝剂除浊效果最佳,以APDES为硅源的共价键型絮凝剂除油和去除COD效果最佳。共价键型有机硅铝复合絮凝剂在含油废水和高浓度有机废水的深度处理方面有很好的应用前景。     

垃圾渗滤液生物处理出水的深度处理组合工艺

采用"混凝-电解氧化-完全混合式活性污泥法(CSTR)"组合工艺深度处理垃圾渗滤液生物处理出水。探索了工艺的组合及各种工艺操作条件对垃圾渗滤液深度处理效果的影响,并对其影响机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明,以PAC为混凝剂时,在pH和药剂(有效成分)投加量分别为6.0和600 mg/L条件下,渗滤液COD去除率达到50%,有效降低了难溶惰性COD含量,缩短了后续电化学处置时间。混凝工艺后,采用电化学工艺处理,在最优工艺条件下:pH为6.0、电流I为1.2 A(电流密度为18.18 mA/cm2)、Cl-投加量为1 000 mg/L、极板距离为2 cm,电解30 min渗滤液COD去除率达到36%,同时,难降解有毒物含量明显降低,渗滤液可生化性TbOD/COD由10%提升至最大值64%。最后采用CSTR处理渗滤液电解出水,系统出水COD、氨氮和色度分别为100~150 mg/L、7~13 mg/L和25倍,为反渗透(RO)工序提供了良好的水质条件。     

Predictive model for areas with illegal landfills using logistic regression

The existence of illegal landfills is an environmental problem in most countries. However, research on this issue is scarce and limited by the availability and quality of data on the subject. Thus, most illegal landfill studies have only been conducted in a partial manner, focusing on geographical aspects or the causes of these landfills (lack of environmental awareness, inadequate waste management systems, and the role of local government). This research analyses a sample of 120 possible areas with illegal landfills in Andalusia using logistic regression in order to obtain a predictive model for the occurrence of these landfills, including both types of variables (geographical and behavioural) jointly. The results confirm that the variables that most influence the occurrence of illegal landfills are spatial (“Industrial Land”, “Plains” and “Rural Land”); whilst the variables that most reduce the likelihood of illegal landfills are those related to certain characteristics of the municipal waste management system and environmental awareness, such as “Availability of Recycling Facilities”, “Punitive Policies”, “Supervision” and “Awareness-raising Campaigns”. The model obtained shows that variables of very different nature and magnitude interact in the occurrence of illegal landfills, each of which contributes a series of features characteristic of its scale. It is advisable, therefore, to perform an analysis using a multi-scale approach in order to gain an overall understanding of the phenomenon.