Production and the application of anaerobic granular sludge produced by landfill

Sludge granulation is considered to be the most critical parameter governing successful operation of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket and expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors. Pre-granulated seeding sludge could greatly reduce the required start-up time. Two lab-scale and a pilot-scale EGSB reactors were operated to treat Shaoxing Wastewater Treatment Plant containing wastewater from real engineering printing and dyeing with high pH and sulfate concentration. The microbiological structure and the particle size distribution in aerobic excess sludge, sanitary landfill sludge digested for one year, and the granular sludge of EGSB reactor after 400 d of operation were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and sieves. The lab-scale EGSB reactor seeded with anaerobic sludge after digestion for one year in landfill showed obviously better total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) removal efficiency than one seeded with aerobic excess sludge after cation polyacrylamide flocculation-concentration and dehydration. The TCOD removed was 470.8 mg/L in pilot scale EGSB reactor at short hydraulic retention time of 15 h. SEM of sludge granules showed that the microbiological structure of the sludge from different sources showed some differences. SEM demonstrated that Methanobacterium sp. was present in the granules of pilot-scale EGSB and the granular sludge produced by landfill contained a mixture of anaerobic/anoxic organisms in abundance. The particle size distribution in EGSB demonstrated that using anaerobic granular sludge produced by sanitary landfill as the seeding granular sludge was feasible.     

垃圾渗沥液中有机污染物的超声去除

采用超声辐照技术去除垃圾渗沥液中的有机污染物。研究了输入电功率、初始浓度、初始pH、曝气对垃圾渗沥液中COD的超声去除效果影响,探讨了垃圾渗沥液中有机物的超声去除主要是通过羟自由基的氧化反应,高温热解反应虽然存在,但贡献相对很小。超声去除垃圾渗沥液中COD的动力学模式不能简单用动力学原理来解释,一方面由于超声降解有机物的机理和垃圾渗沥液中有机物的种类都很复杂,另一方面由于基于K2Cr2O7法测定出的COD指标不能完全表征超声去除垃圾渗沥液中有机污染物的程度。     

垃圾渗滤液中氨氮脱除技术研究进展

生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液中氨氮含量普遍较高，研究氨氮脱除技术对于保证后续生化处理系统正常运行及其低浓度出水氨氮具有重要意义。本文综述了垃圾渗滤液中氨氮脱除技术，分析了传统的物理化学脱氮法和生物脱氮法的优缺点，着重讨论了新型生物脱氮技术以及利用填埋场处理功能脱除氨氮的研究，并提出了垃圾填埋场渗滤液中氨氮脱除技术研究的发展方向。     

用改性硅藻土、活性污泥处理城市垃圾渗滤液的研究

改性硅藻土对城市垃圾渗滤液处理仅限于去除渗滤液中的悬浮物.悬浮物和色度的去除率分别大于98%和96%,CODcr的去除率仅为18.1%～26.4%,而对NH3-N的去除没有任何作用.用特殊驯化过的活性污泥进一步处理改性硅藻土处理后的渗滤液,CODcr又可去除80%,NH3-N去除85%,处理废水达到垃圾渗滤液排放二级标准.     

垃圾渗滤液处理反应器中好氧反硝化研究

为了探讨厌氧折流板-生物接触氧化工艺处理垃圾渗滤液好氧反应器的脱氮机理,采用反应器氮平衡的原理对脱氮问题进行了研究。研究结果表明:生物接触氧化反应器在进水pH=7.27、T=35℃和DO=0.5mg/L情况下发生了好氧反硝化,可用微环境理论来解释这一现象的发生;本试验生物接触氧化反应器中DO浓度,pH值,温度和泥龄为好氧反硝化的发生创造了适宜的条件。     

生物接触氧化—电絮凝工艺处理垃圾渗滤液研究

为了探索高效垃圾渗滤液处理工艺,采用生物接触氧化—电絮凝工艺处理垃圾渗滤液。试验结果表明,生物接触氧化—电絮凝工艺适于处理COD<5000mg/L的垃圾渗滤液,最高容积负荷可达6.56kgCOD/(m3.d),对COD去除率最高可达84.63%,平均BOD去除率可达91.25%,对NH4-N去除率最高可达86.13%,处理后的垃圾渗滤液可达到国家垃圾渗滤液二级排放标准。处理费用估算为10元/m3。     

危险废弃物安全填埋场的选址及安全措施

在工业生产过程中，会产生大量的固体废弃物，而其中危险废弃物占有一定比例，如果对这类废弃物不适当或随意处置，则对自然环境和人体健康将产生有害影响．文中就危险废物安全填埋场的作用、选址要求、选址工作程序、建设标准、营运管理体制，以及污泥稳定化固化预处理方案等问题进行了研究和探讨。     

卫生填埋场的设计与操作

对卫生填埋场的选址，设计、操作程序及工程费用进行了概述，目前是使填埋场的设计，建造 环境造成的污染最小甚至没有污染。     

Baseline options and greenhouse gas emission reduction of clean development mechanism project in urban solid waste management

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) was adopted in the Kyoto Protocol as a flexibility mechanism to reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs) and has been started with such projects as improving efficiency of individual technology. Although applying various countermeasures to urban areas has significant potentials for reducing GHGs, these countermeasures have not been proposed as CDM projects in the practical stage. A CDM project needs to be validated that it will reduce GHGs additionally compared with a baseline, that is, a predictive value of GHG emissions in the absence of the project. This study examined the introduction of solid waste incineration with electricity generation into three different cities, A, B and C. The combination of main solid waste treatment and fuel source are landfill and coal, respectively, in City A, incineration and natural gas in City B, and landfill and hydro in City C. GHG emission reductions of each city under several baseline options assumed here were evaluated. Even if the same technology is introduced, the emission reduction greatly varies according to the current condition and the future plan of the city: 1043–1406 kg CO₂/t of waste in City A, 198–580 kg CO₂/t in City B, and wide range of zero to over 1000 kg CO₂/tin City C. Baseline options also cause significant difference in the emission reduction even in the same city (City C). Incinerating solid waste after removing plastics by source separation in City B increased GHG emission reduction potential up to 730–900 kg CO₂/t, which enhances the effectiveness as a CDM project. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

生活垃圾填埋场垃圾腐殖质组成和变化规律的表征

通过分析上海老港生活垃圾填埋场填埋垃圾的腐殖质组成和光密度,考察了填埋垃圾的腐殖质组成和光学特性随填埋龄的变化规律.研究结果表明,填埋龄在1～14 a间的填埋垃圾中腐殖质组分的有机碳绝对含量的波动幅度很大,而腐殖质组分相对含量具有比较明显的变化规律,其中腐殖质总可提取率和wHA/wFA比值分别随填埋龄增加呈线性下降和上升的趋势.另一方面,填埋垃圾腐殖质光学特性研究表明,填埋垃圾可提取腐殖质和富里酸组分的E4/E6比值随填埋龄变化无明显关系,而胡敏酸的E4/E6比值则随填埋龄的增加呈线性下降趋势.因此,填埋垃圾腐殖质的总可提取率、wHA/wFA比值以及胡敏酸组分的E4/E6比值可有效地表征填埋垃圾和填埋场的稳定化进程.