Phosphine in various matrixes

Matrix-bound phosphine was determined in the Jiaozhou Bay coastal sediment,in prawn-pond bottom soil,in the eutrophic lake Wulongtan,in the sewage sludge and in paddy soil as well.Results showed that matrix-bound phosphine levels in freshwater and coastal sediment,as well as in sewage sludge,are significantly higher than that in paddy soil.The correlation between matrix bound phosphine concentrations and organic phosphorus contents in sediment samples is disecussed.     

基于DEMATEL/ISM的“三高”油气井井喷事故致因模型研究

针对"三高"油气井井喷事故危害的严重性,基于集成的DEMATEL/ISM算法建立"三高"油气井井喷事故致因模型。通过提取事故一般性致因因素,利用专家知识确定因素间的关联矩阵,基于集成的DEMATEL/ISM算法,采用定性与定量相结合的方法对致因因素进行结构化处理,并运用到实际案例中,确立了影响川东地区高含硫油气田井喷事故的关键致因因素,形成具有层级关系的事故致因网络。结果表明,钻井现场施工过程中需要加强对节流压井管汇失效、井筒完整性失效等直接致因以及信息传递不畅、人员技能不足等过渡致因的控制,同时加强井队的安全文化教育,提高工人的安全意识,改善地质勘探技术,提高对井下地质环境的认识,是预防井喷事故的长久之计。     

Effect of alginic acid decomposing bacterium on the growth of Laminaria japonica (Phaeophyceae)

We collected the diseased blades of Larninaria japonica from Yantai Sea Farm from October to December 2002, and the alginic acid decomposing bacterium on the diseased blade was isolated and purified, and was identified as A lteromonas espejiana. This bacterium was applied as the causative pathogen to infect the blades of L. japonica under laboratory conditions. The aim of the present study was to identify the effects of the bacterium on the growth of L. japonica, and to find the possibly effective mechanism. Results showed that： （1）The blades of L.japonica exhibited symptoms of lesion,bleaching and deteriortion when infected by the bacterium. and their growth and photosynthesis were dramatically suppressed. At the same time, the reactive oxygen species （ROS） generation enhanced obviously, and the relative membrane permeability increased significantly. The contents of malonaldehyde （MDA） and free fatty acid in the microsomol membrane greatly elevated, but the phospholipid content decreased. Result suggested an obvious peroxidation and deesterrification in the blades of L. japonica when infected by the bacterium. （2） The simultaneous assay on the antioxidant enzyme activities demonstrated that superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT） increased greatly when infected by the bacterium, but glutathione peroxidase （Gpx） and ascorbate peroxidase （APX） did not exhibit active responses to the bacterium throughout the experiment. （3） The histomorphological observations gave a distinctive evidence of the severity of the lesions as well as the relative abundance in the bacterial population on the blades after infection. The bacterium firstly invaded into the endodermis of L. japonica and gathered around there, and then resulted in the membrane damage, cells corruption and ultimately, the death of L. japonica.     

A novel thermal biosensor based on enzyme reaction for pesticides measurement

A novel thermal biosensor based on enzyme reaction for pesticides detection has been developed. This biosensor is a flow injection analysis system and consists of two channels with enzyme reaction column and identical reference column, which is set for eliminating the unspecific heat, The enzyme reaction takes place in the enzyme reaction column at a constant temperature(40℃) realized by a thermoelectric thermostat. Thermosensor based on the thermoelectric module containing 127 serial BiTe-thermocouples is used to monitor the temperature difference between two effluents from enzyme reaction column and reference column. The ability of this biosensor to detect pesticides is demonstrated by the decreased degree of the hydrolytic heat in two types of thermosensor mode. The hydrolytic reaction is inhibited by 36% at 1mg/L DDVP and 50% at 10mg/L DDVP when cell-typed thermosensor is used. The percent inhibition is 30% at 1mg/L DDVP and 42% at 10mg/L DDVP in tube-typed thermosensor mode. The detection for real sample shows that this biosensor can be used for detection of organophosphate pesticides residue.     

应用ALOHA对典型化学品事故的预测及分析

采用ALOHA软件对典型化学品的池火灾及BLEVE事故进行了模拟计算,分析了事故的危害范围情况。BLEVE火球热辐射的危害范围比池火大,烃类化学品发生事故的影响比其他类别化学品严重;化学品的碳链越长,危害越大;含有硝基的化学品危害范围最小。分析结果可以作为预测数据,为典型化学品泄漏事故救援提供有效的技术支持。     

某发射装置可靠性计算的一种优化方法

针对由并联和串联系统构成的武器系统,在最小路集和最小割集数目分析的基础上,提出了可靠性分析的优化方法。该方法可用于鱼雷发射装置的可靠性快速分析。     

Behavioral and faunal implications of Early Cretaceous deinonychosaur trackways from China

Deinonychosaurian theropods, the dinosaurian sister group of birds, are characterized by a large raptorial claw borne on a highly modified second digit that was thought to be held in a retracted position during locomotion. In this study, we present new trackway evidence for two coeval deinonychosaurian taxa from the Early Cretaceous of Shandong, China that indicate a hitherto unrecognized body size diversity for this period and continent. These fossil tracks confirm diversity and locomotory patterns implied by phylogeny and biogeography, but not yet manifested in the body fossil record. Multiple parallel and closely spaced trackways generated by the larger track maker provide the best evidence yet discovered for gregarious behavior in deinonychosaurian theropods.     

应用荧光原位杂交方法检测中国沿海塔玛/链状亚历山大藻复合种(亚洲温带基因型)

近年来,有害赤潮于中国沿海频繁发生,对沿海居民身体健康、水产养殖和自然生态形成了潜在的威胁.由于部分有毒赤潮藻在很低的密度下就有可能导致严重的危害,但传统的采样和分析方法无法对这类有毒赤潮进行有效的检测,因而急需发展准确、高效的检测新方法.根据对中国沿海分离的塔玛/链状亚历山大藻(亚洲温带基因型)核糖体大亚基DNA(LSU rDNA)序列信息的分析,设计了两条特异性的荧光标记探针,并建立了针对中国沿海塔玛/链状亚历山大藻复合种(亚洲温带基因型)的荧光原位杂交检测方法室内模拟实验显示两条探针都能够特异性地标记中国沿海塔玛/链状亚历山大藻(亚洲温带基因型),但标记效果有一定差异,探针SPEC-PROBE2标记效果远好于探针SPEC-PROBE1.经过标记的藻细胞可以通过荧光显微镜和流式细胞仪区分.中国沿海塔玛/链状亚历山大藻荧光原位杂交检测方法的建立将有助于提高海水样品中亚历山大藻监测的准确性和工作效率.     

材料深海环境腐蚀试验

从开发海洋和军事应用前景等方面分析了材料深海环境腐蚀性能研究的实际需求和必要性；介绍了深海环境因素的特点——压力大、温度低、氧含量低；综述了美国、苏联、印度、挪威等国进行深海腐蚀试验的情况、试验研究方法。深海腐蚀试验的特点是困难、复杂、危险和昂贵。简述了我国进行深海试验的必要性和前荣。     

镍基和铁镍基合金在不同海域海水中的腐蚀

通过现场暴露试验。获得了5种镍基和铁镍基合金在青岛、厦门和湛江海域的潮汐区和全浸区暴露4年的腐蚀结果，总结了它们在不同海域海水中的腐蚀行为。镍基和铁镍基合金在不同海域的海水中有相同的腐蚀行为。镍基和铁镍基舍金在海水潮汐区和全浸区的腐蚀有随试验地点的海水温度上升而加重的趋势。镍基和铁镍基合金在潮汐区的腐蚀比全浸区轻。NS112在海水中的耐蚀性很差。NS335、NS336、GH3128有很好的耐蚀性。GH181在海水中有很好的耐点蚀性能．但耐缝隙腐蚀性能较差。