浅议新大气排放标准发布后火电厂竣工验收监测

2011年7月29日《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》发布后,现有火电厂的“三同时”竣工验收监测需执行新标准中的相关规定。新标准还增加了敏感点环境空气的监测,敏感点的确定可参照环评,根据实际情况布设。新标准中未明确指明“重点地区”指哪些行政区划,为此,本文建议需要在新标准中进一步明确“重点地区”指哪些省等行政区域,以利于新标准的执行。     

钙、镁离子在水流作用下对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响

为了解在"引江济太"过程中大量钙、镁离子的引入对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响,本实验在控制温度和光照条件下,室内模拟不同钙、镁离子浓度在两个特征流速5 cm/s和15 cm/s下微囊藻的生长。实验结果表明,微囊藻藻密度随钙、镁离子浓度的增加而增加,流速在15cm/s下微囊藻最大藻密度(9 236.4×104cell/mL)是流速为5 cm/s下最大藻密度(2 873.72×104cell/mL)的3倍,流速为15 cm/s下微囊藻最大比增长速率均较5 cm/s下的高。这可能是在水流产生的剪切力作用下藻细胞胞外多糖增加,粘附更多的钙、镁离子更利于钙、镁离子迁移到胞内,同时胞外附着的钙、镁离子尤其钙离子形成桥联,使微囊藻细胞形成群体产生微环境利于微囊藻的生长。水流对微囊藻利用钙、镁离子有重要的影响,这为有效调水抑制蓝藻生长提供科学依据。     

微电解+Fenton氧化+二级A/O组合工艺处理农药杀菌剂废水

杀菌剂生产废水含有大量三环唑、无机盐、高毒性物质和难生物降解有机物,对生化细菌有较强的抑制和毒害作用,且BOD5/COD值较小,采用传统生化处理工艺无法进行。现采用微电解、Fenton氧化和二级A/O组合工艺建成的废水处理工程,运行良好,出水各项指标达到环太湖流域排放标准DB 32/1072—2007。     

我国钢铁生产企业氮氧化物减排形势研究

针对国家"十二五"氮氧化物减排的紧迫形势,介绍了我国钢铁企业排放氮氧化物污染现状,提出烧结工序烟气氮氧化物控制是钢铁生产企业氮氧化物减排的重点,在对相关技术优缺点进行分析的基础上,总结了存在的主要问题、困难和发展趋势,提出了钢铁行业氮氧化物减排的对策和建议,为我国氮氧化物污染控制提供支撑。     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对短裸甲藻的抑制机制研究

为揭示化感物质邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutyl phthalate,DBP)对短裸甲藻(Gymnodinium breve)的抑制机制,研究了DBP对短裸甲藻丙二醛(malonaldehyde,MDA)含量、亚显微结构、不同超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)的影响.结果表明,DBP引起了细胞MDA的积累,3 mg.L-1的DBP处理组在72 h处出现最大值,为0.34μmol.(109cells)-1,是对照组的2.3倍;细胞膜出现大量突起,细胞内形成大量液泡,膜结构解体最终空洞、死亡.CuZn-SOD位于藻细胞质,在DBP影响下,活性升高,表明藻细胞质(包括细胞膜)内积累的ROS诱导了酶的活性;而位于线粒体的Mn-SOD活性降低,可能是由于ROS在线粒体内积累过度导致其失活,DBP可能通过作用于短裸甲藻线粒体和细胞膜,从而引起藻细胞氧化损伤,最终导致细胞空洞化死亡.该结果对赤潮化感抑制剂的实际应用具有理论指导作用.     

水泥炉窑SNCR及SCR烟气脱硝技术比较

通过分析水泥炉窑氮氧化物(NOx)生成机理、脱除技术以及国内外水泥炉窑脱硝现状并结合我国具体情况,探讨适合我国的水泥炉窑切实可行脱硝技术,为"十二五"期间我国水泥炉窑开展烟气脱硝整治工作提供技术性方向。     

Photodegradation of amoxicillin by catalyzed Fe3+/H2O2 process

Three oxidation processes of UV-Fe³⁺(EDTA)/H₂O₂ (UV: ultraviolet light; EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), UV-Fe³⁺/H₂O₂ and Fe³⁺/H₂O₂ were simultaneously investigated for the degradation of amoxicillin at pH 7.0. The results indicated that, 100% amoxicillin degradation and 81.9% chemical oxygen demand (COD_Cr) removal could be achieved in the UV-Fe³⁺ (EDTA)/H₂O₂ process. The treatment efficiency of amoxicillin and COD_Cr removal were found to decrease to 59.0% and 43.0% in the UV-Fe³⁺/H₂O₂ process; 39.6% and 31.3% in the Fe³⁺/H₂O₂ process. Moreover, the results of biodegradability (biological oxygen demand (BOD₅)/COD_Cr ratio) revealed that the UV-Fe³⁺ (EDTA)/H₂O₂ process was a promising strategy to degrade amoxicillin as the biodegradability of the effluent was improved to 0.45, compared with the cases of UV-Fe³⁺/H₂O₂ (0.25) and Fe³⁺/H₂O₂ (0.10) processes. Therefore, it could be deduced that EDTA and UV light performed synergetic catalytic effect on the Fe³⁺/H₂O₂ process, enhancing the treatment efficiency. The degradation mechanisms were also investigated via UV-Vis spectra, and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectra. The degradation pathway of amoxicillin was further proposed.     

Risk assessment of Giardia in rivers of southern China based on continuous monitoring

The occurrence and risks of Giardia in China have been unclear to date, which has made it difficult to properly manage source water as well as to create reasonable drinking water standards. The levels of Giardia in river networks of several cities in Zhejiang Province, China were found to be in the range of 0-5 oocysts/10 L in the rainy season in 2008. The mortality due to Giardia infection for people in this region was calculated to be from 0 to 1.95 × 10^-8 persons using a conditional probability equation. Based on multiple unboiled water intake routes, the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to Giardia infection for people who consumed conventionally treated water was 0.625 (95% CI: 0.137-2.05) per 10⁵ persons, with the symptom of hospitalization making the highest contribution to total DALYs (0.56 per 10⁵ persons; 95% CI: 0.122-1.84). The DALYs decreased to 0.425 (95% CI: 0.137-2.05) per 10⁵ persons per year for those consuming water treated with advanced technology. These values were lower than the acceptable risk (1.97 × 10^-5 DALYs per year). This study revealed the risk of Giardia infection to the people in river networks of Zhejiang Province for the first time, and provides a method to evaluate the risk of Giardia infection. The results are useful for the modification of drinking water quality standards based on cost-benefit analysis.     

工业园区TVOC和恶臭的电子鼻检测技术研究

根据工业园区中TVOC和恶臭可能存在的主要气体组分,筛选传感器阵列,构建用于检测工业园区内TVOC和恶臭的电子鼻系统.本研究设计了TVOC污染指数（TPI）和恶臭污染指数（OPI）及基于电子鼻的现场检测方法.在此基础上,结合嘉兴市乍浦港区内化工园区污染情况分析,选择6个检测点进行现场检测,各传感器响应值经PCA分析,提取了2个主成分即可将8个传感器分为2类：TVOC型（S1）和恶臭型（S2～S8）.将现场采集的气体样品用GC/MS进行定性分析,各采样点TVOC物质积分面积百分比在10%以上的累积起来大多都占总面积的90%以上,而恶臭类物质则大多都在10%以下.结果表明：①选用合适的传感器阵列,结合PCA分析,可以初步反映工业园区内TVOC和恶臭的污染情况;②结合电子鼻测得的污染指数与GC/MS定性分析结果,可以大体得出工业园区TVOC和恶臭总体污染情况及各种污染物分布情况;③电子鼻和GIS技术综合应用到工业园区TVOC和恶臭的检测,能初步用于评估工业园区空间污染情况.     

有机固体废弃物厌氧干发酵机制研究进展

利用厌氧干发酵技术处理固体有机废物与传统的湿发酵相比具有许多优势,但厌氧干发酵机制的研究存在许多困难,在一定程度上限制了厌氧干发酵技术的发展。文章在对国内外研究现状进行文献调查后,总结概括了厌氧干发酵理论模型从"两点模型"和"区反应模型"到"浓度波扩散模型"和"反应前沿假说"的发展进程,讨论了其各自特点和对厌氧干发酵机制研究的意义以及其不完善之处;并分别从微生物生长、底物水解和生物气产生三个方面综述了近年来国内外对厌氧干发酵动力学的研究进展。然而,目前的研究仅是针对某些物料进行的特异性研究,还没有一个普遍适用的关于有机固体废弃物厌氧干发酵的理论模型被发展出来,因此对干发酵传质传热机制的探索和数学模拟成为当前对于干发酵机制研究的主要方向。