水葫芦-水草人工湿地系统在再生浆造纸废水处理中的应用研究

通过对水葫芦 -水草人工湿地处理再生浆造纸废水的试验研究表明 ,在进水pH 7 12～ 7 49,BOD5、CODCr、SS浓、度分别为 44 0 5mg/L、35 4 2mg/L、2 90 7mg/L ,水力负荷 0 0 5m/d的条件下 ,BOD5、CODCr、SS的去除率分别为98%、93%、和 89%。系统性能稳定 ,出水水质达到排放标准且可用于农灌     

2-萘酚生产对环境的影响及废水处理工艺研究

分析了2-萘酚生产现状、市场形势及污水特点，在总结当前2-萘酚生产废水处理工艺研究状况的基础上，提出了处理2-萘酚污水的双效蒸发-冷凝结晶工艺。该工艺回收2-萘磺酸钠并加以再利用，回收率可达到50％以上，余下的浓缩液可用于生产硫酸钠。实践表明，经该工艺处理的排放污水，其净化程度达到国家污水排放二级标准。     

PAC-SBR反应器处理制药废水活性污泥驯化实验研究

制药废水的特点是成分复杂，有机物浓度高，且含有难生物降解和有抑制作用的抗生素等毒性物质．较为适合的处理方法是生化处理。文章研究了PAC-SBR反应器处理盐酸林可霉素原料药生产废水过程中活性污泥的驯化。活性污泥经1个月3个阶段的驯化后，发现在逐渐提高制药废水投加量的污泥驯化过程中，当投加量为1％时，去除率连续4d基本上稳定在90％以上。出水COD值全部在40mg／L以下。随着制药废水投加量的增加．COD去除率及出水质量有所下降，但仍能保持较高的COD去除率。较长时间稳定的去除率表明，污泥已基本适应盐酸林可霉素原料药的生产废水特性，活性污泥驯化完成。     

典型氯代烃污染场地地下水化学氧化修复实验分析

以某在产电子加工厂场地内地下水为研究对象,通过实验分析,分析了Fenton试剂、过硫酸盐在不同添加比及不同反应时间条件下对氯代烃污染地下水的修复效果。结果表明,地下水中氯乙烯和顺-1,2-二氯乙烯浓度超出修复目标值;Fenton试剂对地下水中污染物的去除效果优于过硫酸盐,但稳定性较过硫酸盐差,实际原位化学氧化修复过程中可能在未能渗透覆盖到整片污染羽时已经分解;而针对过硫酸盐,通过延长反应时间能将地下水污染物浓度降低至修复目标值以下。因此,在实际原位化学氧化修复过程中,建议采用过硫酸盐作为氧化剂。     

闽江河口湿地土壤对痕量元素吸附-解吸特征及其对pH值变化的响应

选择闽江河口鳝鱼滩的芦苇湿地、短叶茳芏湿地及二者交错带湿地为对象，研究了湿地土壤痕量元素的吸附-解吸特征及其对pH值变化的响应.结果表明，3种湿地土壤对Cr⁶⁺、Ni²⁺和Cd²⁺的吸附能力及其对Cr⁶⁺和Ni²⁺的最大缓冲容量均表现为短叶茳芏湿地低于交错带湿地和芦苇湿地；对Cu²⁺和Zn²⁺的吸附能力和最大缓冲容量在0~30 cm土层均以芦苇湿地较高，而在30~60 cm土层以短叶茳芏湿地较高.导致3种湿地土壤对痕量元素吸附能力差异的原因主要与土壤颗粒组成和pH值的差异有关.Langmuir吸附等温方程可较好地拟合湿地土壤吸附Cr⁶⁺、Ni²⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺和Cd²⁺的热力学过程（R²≥0.82）.3种湿地土壤中Cr⁶⁺、Ni²⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺和Cd²⁺的解吸量均随吸附量的增加而增加，二者呈显著正相关（p<0.05或p<0.01），且其解吸过程均存在滞后现象，说明吸附过程的作用力较解吸过程强.随着pH值的增加，3种湿地土壤对Cr⁶⁺的吸附量均呈波动降低变化，对Ni²⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺和Cd²⁺的吸附量整体均呈增加趋势；而Cr⁶⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺和Cd²⁺的解吸量对pH值变化的响应与之相反.研究显示，在未来闽江河口硫酸型酸沉降发生频次增加的情况下，相对于短叶茳芏湿地，芦苇湿地和交错带湿地对Ni²⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺和Cd²⁺的吸附量将大幅降低，而解吸量将有所增加，说明Ni²⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺和Cd²⁺将更易游离于这两种湿地的土壤孔隙水中，进而可能增加其对植物或土壤生物的生态毒性风险.     

Cr3+掺杂对TiO2薄膜光催化活性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2粉末和以釉面瓷砖为载体的TiO2薄膜,讨论了不同Cr3+掺杂浓度对TiO2光催化活性的影响,并采用UVVIS对其光学性能进行了检测.结果表明,Cr3+掺杂和釉面瓷砖的交互作用能够显著提高TiO2薄膜的光催化活性,最佳掺杂浓度为6.04×1017个·cm-3,且随着TiO2光催化活性的提高,薄膜的吸收带边发生了明显的红移,提高了可见光的利用率.     

Effects of methyl-CD and humic acid on hydrolytic degradation of the herbicide diclofop-methyl

Hydrolytic degradation of the herbicide diclofop-methyl was investigated in the multi-pH deionized water, natural aquatic systems and soil suspensions. Resulting data indicated that the herbicide was stable in the acidic and neady neutral solutions for at least 15 d. The herbicide diclofop-methyl rapidly dissipated in the natural aquatic systems and soil suspensions with half-lives less than 4 d. Methyl-CD(partially methylated β-cyclodextdn) improved its hydrolytic degradation in the pH 8 deionized water and natural aquatic systems while humic acid inhibited its hydrolytic degradation at the same conditions. But dissolved organic matter in the natural aquatic systems and soil suspensions increased its hydrolysis. Two catalysis mechanisms were introduced to describe the effects of cyclodextrin and organic matter on its hydrolytic metabolism. Though inorganic ions maybe improved its hydrolysis reaction in the natural aquatic systems, Fe^2 and Cu^2 did not form complexes with the herbicide and had poor influences on its hydrolytic degradation whether cyclodextrin was added or not.     

2,4-二氯苯酚诱导鲫鱼活性氧(ROS)的产生及其分子致毒机制

以α-苯基-N-叔丁基甲亚胺-N-氧化物(PBN)为自旋捕获剂,利用电子顺磁共振(electron paramagnetic resonance,EPR)自旋捕集技术研究了在2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)胁迫下,2、4、8、24、72h后鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)幼体肝脏活性氧的产生及其动力学.结果表明,2,4-DCP能引起鲫鱼肝脏中·OH的产生(与对照组相比具有显著性差异,p＜0.01),且其强度随时间的增加而增强,8h时达到最大,随后开始降低,直至72h降至对照组水平.超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性随时间变化的动力学与·OH产生动力学趋势一致,暗示·OH可能由O2·-生成.GSH/GSSG比值随时间的变化趋势表明,机体处于氧化应激态.鲫鱼肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量明显增加,且与自由基产生的动力学相比滞后16h,表明脂质过氧化可能由·OH诱导产生.本研究表明,·OH对2,4-DCP的响应比抗氧化防御系统和脂质过氧化更直接、更快速,有可能成为指示水生生态系统中2,4-DCP污染的早期预警指标.     

Vertical and temporal distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus and relationship with their influencing factors in aquatic-terrestrial ecotone： a case study in Taihu Lake, China

Vertical and temporal distributions of N and P in soil solution in aquatic-terrestrial ecotone （ATE） of Taihu Lake were investigated, and the relations among N, P, ORP （oxidation reduction potential）, TOC, root system biomass and microorganism were studied. As a whole, significant declines in TN, NO3^--N, DON （dissolved organic nitrogen） and TP concentration in soil solution have occurred with increase of the depth, and reached their minima at 60 cm depth, except for NH4^＋-N, which increased with depth. The concentration of TP increased gradually from spring to winter in the topsoil, the maximum 0.08 mg/L presented in the winter while the minimum 0.03 mg/L in spring. In the deeper layer, the concentration value of TP fluctuated little. As for the NO3^--N, its seasonal variation was significant at 20 cm depth, its concentration increased gradually from spring to autumn, and decreased markedly in winter. Vertical and temporal distribution of DON is contrary to that of NO3^--N. The results also show that the variation of N and P in the percolate between adjacent layers is obviously different. The vertical variation ofTN, TP, NO3^--N, NH4^＋-N and DON is significant, of which the variation coefficient of NO3^--N along the depth reaches 100.23%, the highest; while the variation coefficient of DON is 41.14%, the smallest. The results of correlation analysis show that the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus correlate significantly with TOC, ORP, root biomass and counts of nitrifying bacteria. Most nutrients altered much from 20 to 40 cm along the depth. However, DON changed more between 60 and 80 cm. Results show that soil of 0-60 cm depth is active rhizoplane, with strong capability to remove the nitrogen and phosphorus in ATE. It may suggest that there exists the optimum ecological efficiency in the depth of above 60 cm in reed wetland. This will be very significant for ecological restoration and reestablishment.     

化学氧化-混凝法处理废纸再生造纸废水动态实验

采用 70L/h的装置进行化学氧化法处理废纸造纸废水动态实验。结果表明 ,动态实验的处理效果和操作条件与静态实验基本相符。在KMnO4 加量为 10～ 13mg/L、氧化时间为 2 5min、混凝剂A加量为 16 0～ 2 5 0mg/L、混凝剂B为 5 7～ 6 2mg/L时 ,装置出水CODCr降至 6 0～ 70mg/L、CODCr去除率高达 90 5 %～ 93 6 % ,水质优于国家一级排放标准 (GB35 44 92 )。实验得到了废水在沉降器中的沉降曲线