Seat belt use in the ambulance patient compartment by emergency medical services professionals is low regardless of patient presence,seating position,or patient acuity

Background: Inconsistent use of seat belts in an ambulance may increase the risk of injury for emergency medical services (EMS) professionals and their patients. Our objectives were to: (1) describe the prevalence of seat belt usage based on patient acuity and seat location, and (2) assess the association between EMS-related characteristics and consistent use of a seat belt. Methods: We administered a cross-sectional electronic questionnaire to a random sample of 20,000 nationally-certified EMS professionals, measuring seat belt use in each seating location of an ambulance during transport of stable, critical, or no patients. We included practicing, non-military, emergency medical technicians or higher who reported working in ambulances. We used multivariable logistic regression models to estimate the odds of consistent (≥50% of the time) use of seat belts for the rear-facing jump seat and right-sided crew bench during transport of stable and critical patients. Results: A total of 1431 respondents were included in the analysis. Patient compartment seat belt use varied with the highest use in forward-facing seats when no patient was being transported (59.8%) and lowest use in the left-side “CPR” seat with a critical patient (9.4%). Only 40.2% of respondents reported an agency policy regarding seat belt use while riding in the patient compartment. In all multivariable logistic regression models, advanced life support level certification and fewer years of experience were associated with decreased odds of consistent seat belt use. An agency seat belt policy was strongly associated with increased odds of seat belt use in the patient compartment. Conclusions: Seat belt use was low and varied by seating location and patient acuity in the patient compartment of an ambulance. Practical Applications: EMS organizations should consider primary prevention approaches of provider education, improved ambulance designs, enactment and enforcement of policies to improve seat belt compliance and provider safety.     

Zinc recovery from hazardous construction wastes via an integrated process of the air classification,alkaline leaching,and water washing

Zinc- and lead-containing wastes are often mixed with construction and demolition wastes in many factories, generating abundant of heavy metal-enriched hazardous waste. In the present study, a novel integrated process of air classification, alkaline leaching, and water washing dechlorination was proposed for the efficient recycling of Zinc (Zn) resources. The first air classification process was realized via venturi tube, wherein the content of Zn could increase by 20 wt.%. After that, the product underwent an alkaline leaching process. Results showed that Zn recovery rate increased with fine particle sizes, and a 65% recovery rate was obtained under the following conditions of 5 mol/L NaOH, liquid/solid 10:1, and leaching time 1 h. Finally, water washing associated with microwave and ultrasonic treatments could remove over 85% of Cl and other water-soluble salts. All the results indicated that the integrated method had an excellent recovery rate for Zn resources from construction and demolition wastes.     

医院低碳经济管理路径探索研究

在建设两型社会的大背景下,我院积极探索低碳经济管理途径,通过实施‘‘四权分离物品管理机制”、全成本核算、打造数字化医院和低碳医疗等手段初步实现了低碳经济管理,并取得了极大的经济效益和社会效益。     

医疗废物处置厂污水处理技术

从污水处理工艺、处理方式、水量平衡和自动控制方面论述了医疗废物处置厂污水处理系统,并申请了发明专利。根据医疗废物处置厂水质复杂、水量小、需中水回用等特点,采用物化、生化和微滤膜处理工艺,达到中水回用标准。消毒废水单独处理,循环使用。     

两种垃圾焚烧炉灰渣的重金属成分与放射性检测

对8种重金属As、Hg、Mn、Cr、Cu、Cd、Co、Ni和Pb在两种垃圾焚烧炉灰渣中的浓度分布,浸出毒性及放射性进行检测.样品(炉渣和飞灰)分别取自北京(循环流化床焚烧炉CFBI)和深圳(炉排焚烧炉)两台不同燃烧方式的垃圾焚烧炉.研究表明,CFBI炉渣及飞灰中的重金属As、Mn、Cu、Cd、Co含量在炉渣中含量最低,中灰次之,飞灰中含量最高.重金属Hg在炉渣和飞灰中的含量相当,在中灰中的含量最低;Cr和Ni在炉渣中的含量也偏高,在中灰和飞灰中的含量相当Pb含量依中灰、炉渣和飞灰的顺序逐渐升高.浸出毒性检测结果显示,循环流化床垃圾焚烧后炉渣及飞灰中的重金属浸出毒性远低于国家标准1～2个量级,重金属总体排放量较低.炉排炉垃圾焚烧的炉渣及飞灰中的重金属含量却高很多,尤其是Cr、Pb、Cd和Cu.放射性检测结果表明,两种焚烧所产生的灰渣放射性均低于国家标准.在排放时无需作任何放射性方面的处理.最后,对焚烧灰渣的稳定化技术进行了讨论.     

废铜提炼回收贵重金属加工生产中“三废”综合利用及治理

以废铜为原料冶炼贵重金属是资源综合回收利用的有效途径之一,通过对典型废铜冶炼加工企业污染因子产生及排放分析,进行综合回收利用和有效治理,旨在回收贵重金属的同时,减少二次污染,＂三废＂达标排放,在发展铜加工产业基础上实现铜资源循环利用,达到污染减排的目的。     

辽宁省生活垃圾处理现状及处理模式探讨

随着城市化进程加快,生活垃圾产生量逐年增加,生活垃圾处理问题已成为社会关注的焦点。在总结辽宁省生活垃圾处理现状的基础上,对辽宁生活垃圾处理模式的选择和发展进行了探讨。     

含汞有害固体废弃物的固化/稳定化技术研究进展

总结了国外含汞有害固体废弃物固化技术的研究和应用发展现状。系统阐述了研究和应用较多的三种固化技术(水泥基、低温化学键磷酸盐陶瓷,硫聚合物)的固化过程原理、特征,研究和应用现状以及可得的操作数据。介绍了新兴的可能用于含汞固体废弃物的材料的研究数据。比较了各种技术的优缺点,应用上的局限性,为含汞固体废弃物的固化处理新技术的发展提供思路。     

钻井废弃物治理技术的研究

阐述了东辛采油厂钻井废弃物来源及其处理现状,介绍了几种现有钻井废弃物处理工艺,在钻井废弃物治理技术上进行了探索与实践。     

电子垃圾中铅污染及对策研究

伴随着电子信息等高科技产业的快速发展,电子垃圾已成为增长速度最快的固体废弃物。电子垃圾成分复杂且其污染物众多,尤其是其中的铅污染对环境与健康的影响越来越受到人们的关注,对电子垃圾的不恰当处理势必造成了严重的环境污染。本文调研分析了中国电子垃圾中铅元素污染的现状,探讨了铅污染的原因及其防治对策,并对各种对策的可操作性进行了评价。另一方面,借鉴国外先进经验,对中国电子垃圾中铅元素的污染防治提出了建议。