环境与自然资源评价方法的比较及启示

鉴于传统GDP在衡量一国的福利水平时存在着许多谬误,世界各国纷纷尝试编制绿色GDP以衡量本国的福利水平.目前我国也正努力从事这方面的工作.本文尝试分析世界各主要编制体系下的鳊制方式,旨在发现我国绿色GDP编制的缺失及可改进的空间.结果显示:我国在评价环境与自然资源时所采取的方法都不能真实反映其价值,且编制范围不周全,可从别国采用的资源评价方法中获得启示并采取一定的改进办法.     

自然资源的折耗和折损

针对当代人类社会所面临日益短缺的自然资源问题 ,本文提出要对资源的开发利用进行补偿 ,并通过资源的折耗和折损来对实物消耗和质量损失的自然资源进行补偿 ,以此来实现自然资源的永续利用和人类社会可持续发展的目标。     

边际机会成本与自然资源定价浅析

采用边际机会成本理论,对自然资源定价的原理和方法进行阐述,并比较了各种方法在实际应用中的适用条件,以及相互之间的优劣,为自然资源开发中的环境损失估算提供理论支持.     

Vegetation patterns and nature reserve construction in an extremely-arid desert in Anxi,NW China's Gansu Province

Anxi County is located in the northwestern part of the Hexi Corridor in gansu Province and has the sole national level nature reserve of extremely-arid desert in China.Phytosociological methods (Braun-Blanquet,1964) are used to classify plant community types in this area.Eleven are disting uished,including six of deserts,four of oases and one transitional type between deserts and oases.Direct gradient analysis (DCA) is employed to correlate the distribution of plant communities to physiogeographic conditions.This study makes clear that water is the most important ecological factor for the distribution of plant species and communities in this area.The effects of water have been demonstrated in different ways.A vegetation gradient from lower altitude to higher altitude in the southern part of the reserve is driven by a precipitation gradient.The effects of the depth of ground water table contribute to the differentiation of vegetation from desert to oasis in the flat area.In a finer scale,the washed gullies have obviously higher species richness and also higher vegetation cover than the surround gobi surfaces,possibly caused by the effects of floods.The vegetation patterns demonstrate that the area of Anxi County is a complete landscape unit.The range of the current nature reserve is not large enough for the purpose of conserving the unique biodiversity in this area.     

山区农业自然资源结构与农业宏观设计——以湖北省部分山区为例

农业宏观设计,目的在于正确拟定一个地区农业发展的战略规划。它需要解决的问题主要有三:1)合理布局农业生产力;2)合理设计农业结构,改善农业生态系统的功能;3)确定商品生产发展的项目、地域和规模。这些问题的解决必须以农业自然环境与资源的结构研究为基础。     

运用经济与法律手段进行自然资源开发与环境保护

通过对我国自然资源开发与环境保护现状的阐述与反思,对如何利用经济与法律手段进行环境管理原理进行分析,提出利用经济与法律手段进行资源开发与环境保护的建议,试图为资源开发与环境保护寻找一条绿色通道.