Plant steroid hormones produced under Ni stress are involved in the regulation of metal uptake and oxidative stress in Brassica juncea L

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are involved in the amelioration of various biotic and abiotic stresses. With an aim to explore the role of BRs under heavy metal stress, plants of Brassica juncea L. were grown in pots. The plants were subjected to various concentrations of Nickel metal (0.0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mM) and harvested on 60th day in order to observe the expression of these hormones. The isolated BRs from the leaves of Brassica plants characterized by GC-MS include 24-Epibrassinolide (24-EBL), Castasterone, Dolicholide and Typhasterole. The effect of isolated 24-EBL was studied on Ni metal uptake and antioxidative defense system in 60 d old plants of Brassica. It was observed that 24-EBL significantly increased the activities of stress ameliorating enzymes and lowered the metal uptake in plants. This is the first report in B. juncea L. plants showing the expression of BRs under metal treatments and effect of the isolated 24-EBL on metal uptake and in oxidative stress management.     

Are either sod and catalase or the polyamines involved in the paraquat resistance of Conyza canadensis ?

Abstract

Paraquat/atrazine coresistant (PqAR) and paraquat resistant (PqR) horseweed (Conyza canadensis /L./ Cronq.) plants showed ‐ in the first hour after 0.5 mM paraquat spraying ‐ a decreased catalase activity followed by a slight increase. However, the enzyme activity remained always below the initial value. Sensitive plants showed a significant increase of catalase activity in the first 4 hour after spraying. The transient character of paraquat inhibition, the recovery of photosyn‐thetic activity of the PqAR Conyza plants (characterized by variable fluorescence) after spraying remained unaffected by the Superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor, diethyldithiocarbamate. This indicates that SOD is not involved in the resistance mechanism. Untreated resistant biotypes showed about 2.5 times higher total polyamine and putrescine level than the sensitive one. 100 μM of exogenously added putrescine was observed as having a protecting effect against paraquat in floated leaves of the sensitive biotype only. The resistant leaves were unaffected probably on account of their higher endogenous polyamine level. It is concluded that polyamines may play a role in the paraquat resistance of Conyza canadensis.     

Zn^2＋对水鳖的毒性作用

研究了不同浓度Zn^2 毒害对水鳖叶片膜脂过氧化作用及其体细胞超微结构的影响。结果表明，随着Zn^2 浓度的增加，叶绿素含量、SOD、CAT、POD活性先后升降，叶绿素a/b值值则逐渐减小，而MDA含量增加，O2^-产生速率也逐渐增大。同功酶分析表明，Zn^2 可以诱导新的POD同功酶，电镜观察发现，低浓度Zn^ 处理下，水鳖叶细胞中核质空泡化，叶绿体膨胀变形，线粒体嵴膨胀，溶酶体、小泡数量增加，且出现了多膜复合体；随着Zn^2 浓度的增加，核质消失，叶绿体和线粒体解体，而根尖分生细胞中则出现了多核仁现象。     

细叶蜈蚣草对悬沙胁迫的生理生态学研究

研究了悬沙对细叶蜈蚣草(Egeria nojas)营养生殖、叶绿素、抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶)等影响。实验结果表明:悬沙处理96h后,各组细叶蜈蚣草断枝均能发芽,其发芽率均在60%以上,悬沙浓度<4.0g/L时,断枝新芽生长较好,悬沙浓度>6.0g/L时,新芽生长受到影响;各组细叶蜈蚣草叶片的叶绿素a和叶绿素b以及总叶绿素含量均相差不大,叶绿素a/b值都在2.50以上,属于正常范围,变化幅度不大;各试验组中细叶蜈蚣草SOD和CAT相差不大,相对比较稳定,受到影响较小。因此,细叶蜈蚣草对悬沙胁迫具有较好的抗逆性,是一种在含沙量较高水体的生态修复实践中具有良好应用前景的水生植物。     

六价铬对玉米种子萌发及生理特性的影响

主要研究了不同浓度六价铬胁迫对不同玉米种子萌发和部分生理特性的影响。结果表明：六价铬胁迫下,玉米的生长受到一定程度的抑制,并随溶液中六价铬浓度的增加,抑制加重。玉米幼苗植株吸收六价铬的量随其胁迫浓度的增加而增加。超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性随六价铬浓度的增加而增加,丙二醛（MDA）含量同样呈上升趋势。     

Can phosphate compounds be used to reduce the plant uptake of Pb and resist the Pb stress in Pb-contaminated soils？

The effects of di erent phosphate-amendments on lead (Pb) uptake, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) in contaminated soils with 2500, or 5000 mg P2O5/kg soil of hydroxyapatite (HA), phosphate rock (PR), single-superphosphate (SSP) and the mix of HA/SSP (HASSP) were evaluated in pot experiments. Results showed that the Pb concentrations in shoots and roots decreased by 18.3%–51.6% and 16.8%–57.3% among the treatments respectively compared to the control samples. The e ciency order of these phosphate-amendments in reducing Pb uptake was as follows: HASSPt HA > SSP t PR.With the addition of SSP, HA and the mix of HA/SSP, the SOD activity in shoot was reduced markedly (P < 0.05) compared with that in the control group. For example, the SOD activities in shoot by the treatments of HASSP, SSP, and HA in 5000 mg P2O5/kg were found to be only 51.3%, 56.2%, and 56.7%, respectively. Similar e ects were also observed on the level of MDA in the shoots with a decrease in 24.5%–56.3%. The results verified the inference that phosphate compounds could be used to reduce the plant uptake of Pb and resist the Pb stress in the plant vegetated in Pb-contaminated soils.     

三株溶藻菌对水华鱼腥藻抗氧化酶活性的影响

研究了三株溶藻菌L7,L8和L18的溶藻活性代谢产物对水华鱼腥藻（Anabaena flos—aquae）超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide dismutase,SOD）比活性、过氧化氢酶（Catalase,CAT）比活性和膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（Malondialdehyde,MDA）浓度的影响,试图从藻类的抗氧化酶系的变化揭示溶藻活性代谢产物的溶藻机制。在L7,L8和L18的溶藻活性代谢产物胁迫下,水华鱼腥藻的SOD比活性显著升高,MDA浓度急剧上升。加入L18的溶藻活性代谢产物后,水华鱼腥藻的CAT比活性显著高于空白组,L7和L8的溶藻活性代谢产物对水华鱼腥藻的CAT比活性无显著影响。     

活性污泥中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性测定影响因素

研究以污水生物处理中的活性污泥为对象,采用氮蓝四唑光还原法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,从样品制备和保存方面探讨了是否添加溶菌酶液、细胞破碎时间、酶液保存时间与保存温度等因素对SOD活性测定的影响。研究表明,溶菌酶液的加入提高了细胞破碎效果;细胞破碎的条件为99次(工作3 s,停3 s),时间为40 min时破碎效果最好;酶液保存时间在4 h内最佳;-20℃保存比4℃保存对酶活性影响小。最佳检测条件为:取样量为1 mL时,反应温度为30℃,反应时间为20 min时,SOD酶活性最大。     

非潮汐淹水对白骨壤膜脂过氧化系统的影响

通过室内模拟非潮汐淹水,探索不同淹水水位条件下,红树植物白骨壤(A.marina(Forsk.)Vierh).超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)随时间的变化情况。结果表明,经历第二个淹水周期后,较第一个周期各梯度,白骨壤超氧化物歧化酶活性(SOD)从高到低排序不变,过氧化氢酶活性(CAT)、丙二醛的量(MDA)也表现出相同的规律。本研究结论为红树植物在人工非潮汐生境下,红树林造林的关键技术之一——淹水水位的控制提供了数据参考。