The inhibitory combustion reaction performance and tail gas analysis of composite ultra-fine dry powder extinguishing agent containing different additives

For lack of an extinguishing agent with high-efficiency, non-toxic and environmentally friendly, a new type of extinguishing agent was fabricated to solve such an urgent problem. In this study, the zinc borate (ZB) and ferrocene (Fe(Cp)₂) were utilized as two additives for extinguishants to suppress combustion reaction and the toxicity of the tail gas was detected. The mass fraction of ZB corresponding to the optimal inhibitory effect was determined to be 0.5–1.5%, by contrast, the optimum interval of Fe(Cp)₂ was detected as 0.5–1.0%. Similarly, with the increasing proportion of the two additives, the homologous inhibitory action was gradually weakened. From the perspective of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), it was indicated that the ZB accelerated the pyrolysis process of the extinguishant, making its thermal decomposition process more thoroughly. Meanwhile, the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) demonstrated that the decomposition efficiency was markedly improved when the amount of ZB was maintained at 0.5–1.5%. Besides, the tail gas tests were implemented to assess the extent of toxic and harmful properties. In terms of the carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) generated, once the mass fraction of ZB and Fe(Cp)₂ was less than 1.5% and 1.0% respectively, the concentration of CO and CO₂ was distinctly lower than that without additives. Moreover, the inhibitory ability on nitrogen oxides (NOx) was enhanced when the mass fraction of the two additives was kept below 1.0%. The results confirmed that a more practical extinguishant was proposed and it can provide guidance for the application and development of extinguishants.     

Preparation and luminescence properties of Zn3 （BO3）2 doped with Ce3＋and Mn2＋

采用共沉淀法在700℃和较短的烧结时间下制备了Zn3（BO3）2和不同浓度的Ce3＋、Mn2＋离子掺杂的Zn3（BO3）2纳米晶粉末,对合成产物的发光性质及发光机理进行了研究。利用荧光分光光度计、X射线粉末衍射仪以及透射电镜对其光学性能和纳米晶形貌进行了表征。结果表明Ce3＋离子掺杂的Zn3（BO3）2样品在340～400nm之间有强的荧光发射,其最高发射峰峰位为365nm,在Ce3＋掺量为0.5%（摩尔分数,下同）时发光强度达到最高值。Ce3＋取代Zn2＋离子作为发光中心,Mn2＋离子作为激活剂加入,并不影响荧光发射峰的位置,但能够有效增强其发光强度。当Mn2＋离子掺量为0.7%（摩尔分数）时,Ce3＋、Mn2＋共掺杂的Zn3（BO3）2纳米晶发光强度达到最高值。     

硼酸和磷酸对PMS/Co2+均相催化氧化有机物的影响因素与机制

基于过一硫酸盐（PMS）的高级氧化方法被广泛用于有机污染物的降解.本研究以富电子偶氮染料酸性橙7（AO7）为目标有机物,探究了在硼酸（路易斯酸）和磷酸（布朗斯台德酸）两种不同类型的缓冲液中,PMS/Co²⁺均相催化氧化降解有机物的差异、影响因素及作用机制.PMS/Co²⁺均相催化氧化体系在磷酸盐缓冲液中降解有机物的k值高于其在硼酸盐缓冲液中,而在磷酸盐缓冲液中的前10 s降解率却低于其在硼酸盐缓冲液中.该体系氧化降解有机物在硼酸和磷酸缓冲液中的差异随着缓冲液、PMS浓度、Co²⁺浓度和pH的变化而有所不同.PMS/Co²⁺体系在磷酸盐缓冲液中主要通过SO₄^-·或·OH氧化降解有机物,在硼酸盐缓冲液中,PMS/Co²⁺体系主要通过非自由基途径（¹O₂）降解有机物.该研究将为PMS均相催化中不同类型缓冲液的应用提供参考.     

环境友好型金属切削液的性能研究

以油酸、二乙醇胺、硼酸、苯并三氮唑为主要原料,采用酯交换法制得油酸二乙醇酰胺硼酸酯、相转移法制得苯并三氮唑衍生物,合成一种复合有机硼酸酯,采用傅立叶红外光谱仪对合成产物进行表征。对由复合有机硼酸酯配制的水基切削液进行防锈、润滑及清洗性能的测试。结果表明:(1)以油酸、二乙醇胺、硼酸和苯并三氮唑为主要原料制备出的复合有机硼酸酯,经红外光谱仪的表征,证实合成工艺可行。(2)水基切削液的防腐蚀和防锈性能随着复合有机硼酸酯添加量的增加而改善,在较高温较长时间的持续工作环境下同样能保持良好的防锈性能。(3)当复合有机硼酸酯添加量为0.25%(质量分数)时,水基切削液在60℃、24h的缓蚀率达到了70%左右,35℃时的单片及叠片防锈试验合格,25℃下的表面张力为33.13×10-4 N/dm,润滑性能良好。     

含硼聚硅硫酸铁絮凝剂的制备及其絮凝性能

以硅酸钠、硫酸铁和四硼酸钠为原料，在SiO2质量分数为3％、pH为3．0、活化时间为30min铁与硅摩尔比为0.5、硼与硅摩尔比为0.31的条件下，制备了无机高分子絮凝剂——含硼聚硅硫酸铁（PFSSB）。当焦化厂生化后废水pH在6.0左右、PFSSB加入量为20mg／L时，除浊率和脱色率分别达到93％和60％以上。PFSSB的脱色、除浊性能明显优于聚合氯化铝。     

深圳蛇口港及其临近海域海水有机锡污染

以正己烷为萃取剂、四乙基硼化钠为衍生剂对海水样品进行同步化液-液萃取衍生反应,采用气象色谱-火焰光度检测法进行有机锡定性及定量分析,研究了深圳市蛇口港及其临近海域受有机锡污染的状况.结果显示,在所测定的海水中均检测出了三丁基锡、二丁基锡和一丁基锡化合物,三者的平均浓度分别为80、62和49 ng·L-1但本方法可能不适合三苯基锡的定性定量分析.港区个别站位海水三丁基锡浓度高达152 ng·L-1在深圳湾海水样品中还检测出了信号极强的多个未知峰,表明深圳蛇口港及临近海域海水有机锡的污染程度已经较为严重.蛇口港区有机锡污染可能与繁忙的航运以及珠江口水域存在的普遍性有机锡污染有关,而深圳湾有机锡污染一方面可能是来自蛇口港区有机锡污染的扩散,另一方面可能来自深圳河的排污.位于深圳湾的国家级红树林及鸟类自然保护区是一个对生物多样性的维持及侯鸟的保护都极为 重要的湿地生态系统,该海区受有机锡污染问题需要引起高度重视,长期的有机锡污染必将对该湿地生态系统造成严重危害.     

In vitro assessment of genotoxic and oxidative effects of zinc borate

Zinc borate is used as flame retardant for plastics and cellulose fibers, paper, rubber, and textiles. Despite its wide industrial use, there is limited information concerning its toxicity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the concentration dependence (0–280 mg L^?1) of its genotoxic activity on cultured human lymphocytes by using sister chromatid exchange and chromosomal aberration assays. Total antioxidant capacity and the extent of oxidative stress were also determined. Zinc borate was found to be non-genotoxic at all tested concentrations. It exhibited antioxidant activity at concentrations lower than 40 mg L^?1, and total oxidative stress levels were not changed at any applied concentration of zinc borate.     

微波桶内干燥模拟含硼废液可行性研究

目前核电站普遍采用的水泥固化处理废液增容大,为了实现废物最小化,开展了微波桶内干燥处理模拟含硼废液可行性研究.采用微波炉对模拟含硼废液干燥特性探索性试验研究,结果表明:桶内干燥产物含水率受模拟含硼废物的厚度影响,桶内干燥工艺需要合理控制模拟含硼废物添加量.12升微波桶内干燥试验预试验结果表明:不锈钢桶壁和桶底干燥产物含水率偏高,建议添加相应的保温或辅助加热措施.综合考虑,合理控制微波干燥条件,模拟含硼废液干燥产物的含水率可降至10wt％(不合游离水)以下,减容系数可达到5.试验表明,微波桶内干燥处理放射性废液是可行的.