利用洗脸盆的排水保护地漏存水弯水封

简要介绍了我国地漏的现状与问题,并结合SARS病毒在香港淘大花园传播的原因,说明了地漏安全问题的严重性。根据香港城市大学的实验,提出了利用洗脸盆排水保护地漏存水弯水封,从而解决地漏的安全问题。     

人防工程消防系统设计的若干问题

从人防工程内消防系统的重要性入手,分别从消防水源、消火栓系统的独立分区、消防阀门的设置以及消防排水4个方面探讨了人防工程内消防设计的一些常见问题,强调设计中应考虑平、战结合,方便临战时转换。     

某型号伺服排油管动力学特性研究

目的 通过对某型号伺服排油管动力学特性研究,为管路设计方案的确定提供依据。方法 对三种设计方案的伺服排油管进行振动试验,测量其关键位置的应变响应,并结合有限元计算进行结果分析。结果 该伺服排油管的谐振频率在180 Hz附近,当振动环境在180 Hz附近有峰值时,会发生耦合共振,管路应变很大。结论 管路设计时谐振频率应避开环境的危险频率,无法避开时需要对管路进行加强。     

三峡库区消落区周期性干湿交替环境对土壤磷释放的影响

以三峡库区消落区典型江段万州断面为试验基地,以释磷能力较强的紫色土为对象,根据三峡水库消落带的"干湿交替"空间和时间特征,进行万州断面土壤磷释放的实验室模拟试验,分析了周期性"淹水-落干"干湿交替对土壤磷释放的影响.研究发现,在"淹水-落干"干湿交替条件下各形态磷在水土界面释放的活性为:Ca2-P,Fe-P＞Cas-P,Al-P＞O-P＞Ca10-P;T-P在每次淹没时释放量递增,从第1次的15.4 mg·kg-1,到第3次26.5 mg·kg-1;磷在持续淹水状态下释放的主要动力为Ca2-P在水相的溶解和还原状态下Fe-P的释放,其中Ca2-P活性最高,由淹水初期的14 mg·kg-1降至5 mg·kg-1左右;而干湿交替条件下P的释放主要是氧化-还原条件变换下Fe-P的形态转换.淹水并不会使O-P释放,但可以使O-P活化,使其在落干氧化时转化为Fe-P,在下一次淹水时释放.研究发现每次淹水时土壤的有效磷水平都略有增加,每次落干时较上次落干时有效磷水平降低.     

An integrated method for the rapid dewatering and solidification/stabilization of dredged contaminated sediment with a high water content

• An integrated method, called PHDVPSS, was proposed for treating DCS. • The PHDVPSS method showed superior performance compared to conventional method. • Using the method, water content (%) of DCS decreased from 300 to<150 in 3 days. • The 56-day UCS from this method is 12‒17 times higher than conventional method. • Relative to PC, GGBS-MgO binder yielded greater reduction in the leachability. To more efficiently treat the dredged contaminated sediment (DCS) with a high water content, this study proposes an integrated method (called PHDVPSS) that uses the solidifying/stabilizing (S/S) agents and prefabricated horizontal drain (PHD) assisted by vacuum pressure (VP). Using this method, dewatering and solidification/stabilization can be carried out simultaneously such that the treatment time can be significantly shortened and the treatment efficacy can be significantly improved. A series of model tests was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Experimental results indicated that the proposed PHDVPSS method showed superior performance compared to the conventional S/S method that uses Portland cement (PC) directly without prior dewatering. The 56-day unconfined compressive strength of DCS treated by the proposed method with GGBS-MgO as the binder is 12‒17 times higher than that by the conventional S/S method. DCS treated by the PHDVPSS method exhibited continuous decrease in leaching concentration of Zn with increasing curing age. The reduction of Zn leachability is more obvious when using GGBS-MgO as the binder than when using PC, because GGBS-MgO increased the residual fraction and decreased the acid soluble fraction of Zn. The microstructure analysis reveals the formation of hydrotalcite in GGBS-MgO binder, which resulted in higher mechanical strength and higher Zn stabilization efficiency.     

城市垃圾和污水脱水污泥、排水管污泥混合堆肥工艺研究

城市垃圾和污水脱水污染、排水管污泥已成为现代城市污染的主要总是。由于这些废弃物中有机物质的含量较高,因此可以利用堆肥的方法来进行处理,使其转化为农田的有机肥料,本文用城市生活垃圾和污水处理厂污泥、排水管污泥混合进行堆肥的研究。     

AQUIFER PARAMETERS FROM CONSTANT DRAWDOWN NONSTEADY-LEAKY TYPE CURVES1

ABSTRACT: A drain function and set of type curves were defined for the mathematical solution that represents one-dimensional flow under nonsteady conditions in a leaky aquifer for the constant drawdown boundary condition. A match point procedure was developed for determining the aquifer parameters transmissivity, storage coefficient, and leakance based on the drain function and type curves. Use of the procedure is illustrated by an example that utilizes simulated aquifer drawdowns and flowrate data. The drain function and type curves developed in this investigation include the effects of leakage for the constant drawdown boundary condition, which is not included in the existing drain function and type curve found in the literature. Thus, a new set of type curves was developed that can be used to analyze drawdowns for one-dimensional flow in a leaky aquifer with constant drawdown at a line sink. Applications would include flow to a canal or river, drainage of agricultural lands, and dewatering associated with strip mining operations.     

宁夏第三排水沟中抗生素的污染特征与生态风险评估

利用固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-静电场轨道肼质谱联用仪检测分析了宁夏第三排水沟中磺胺类、四环素类、大环内酯类、喹诺酮类和林可霉素类这5类9种抗生素的污染水平,探讨了抗生素浓度与水质指标的相关性,并评估其生态风险.结果表明,在第三排水沟及其汇入水流中共检出7种抗生素,总浓度范围分别为14.91～153.48 ng·L-1和...     

控制排水条件下土壤氮素的运移

为研究暗管控制排水与非控制排水条件下， 不同排水出口控制高度对土壤中氮素分布和迁移的影响， 在湖北省荆州市四湖工程管理局丫角排灌试验站进行了野外试验。试验结果表明， 无论采取控制排水与否， 土壤垂直剖面上硝态氮浓度均有一致的变化规律： 20 cm处浓度最高， 在40~60 cm浓度急剧减小， 60~80 cm浓度值很小（1 mg/kg左右）； 控制排水对土壤硝态氮的减小率有显著影响， 表现在控制水位越高， 土层间硝态氮减小率最大； 控制排水能降低表层土壤硝态氮的迁移； 铵态氮与硝态氮迥然不同， 无论采取控制排水与否， 铵态氮在土壤垂直剖面上的含量变化不大； 控制排水对铵态氮的含量也有一定的影响， 表现在控制排水位越低， 土壤中铵态氮的含量越小.     

Analysis and assessment of the Qingdao crude oil vapor explosion accident: Lessons learnt

A devastating crude oil vapor explosion accident, which killed 62 people and injured 136, occurred on November 22, 2013. It was one of the most disastrous vapor cloud explosion accidents that happened in Qingdao's storm drains in China. It was noted that blast overpressure and flying debris were the main causes of human deaths, personal injuries and structure damages. Two months after the accident, it was reported that there were three contentious issues in the investigation report. First issue was the discrepancy between the temperature of the crude oil vapor explosive limits which were measured by the investigation panel and the temperature reported by the local fire department. Second issue was the contradiction between the upper explosive limit and vapor pressure of the crude oil vapor. The last issue was the location of the ignition source which led to the explosion.In the present study some specific features of this accident and various causes led to the explosion, high casualties and severe damages were analyzed. Three contentious issues in the official investigation report were investigated and tested in detail. The first element tested was the explosive limits and limiting oxygen concentration of the crude oil vapor at different temperatures. Based on theoretical analysis and field investigations, the last two elements in the report were analyzed from multiple perspectives. Based on the TNO Multi-Energy model and PROBIT equations, damage probability of affected people at the leaking site was also estimated. The investigation concluded with a result that precautions need to be taken to prevent flammable gas explosions in the drainage systems. Key steps were explicitly discussed for improving the hazard identification and risk assessment of similar accidents in the future.