企业需要建立人性化的安全管理

由于我国对企业特别是海外来大陆投资的企业，缺乏严格的安全管理手段，致使不少企业屡次出现安全事故。为了减少企业安全事故的发生，提高企业安全度，要求企业在贯彻“安全第一，预防为主”的基本方针的基础上。建立“以人为本。以制度和伦理道德为约束的人性化的安全管理系统”。本文给出了该系统的模型，并对此模型进行了分析和解释，探讨了相关的几个理论基础，最后给出了人性化安全管理的实质。通过该系统的管理执行，使企业在尊重人权、尊重生命的前提下发展壮大，最终实现安全的全球化。     

新时期区域公共管理创新

信息社会发展与全球化趋势，出现了区域集群、区域竞争、区域创新、学习区域等新特征，给区域管理者带来了新的挑战。区域发展需要创新，区域公共管理同样需要创新。本文从新公共管理、区域创新系统、区域核心竞争力、支持系统等方面对区域管理创新进行了探讨。     

经济全球化背景下中国环境问题及应对策略

文章从经济全球化的定义出发,论述了全球化使中国环境问题变成了世界的环境问题,因为中国的环境问题是由世界造成的,同时中国的环境问题也影响到世界.要从根本上解决中国环境问题,必须树立科学发展观,促进创新型国家的建设,重视对外贸易中的环境问题,严防国外环境污染向国内转移.     

城市可持续性:欧洲城市改造的经验与启示

全球化和城市化使得世界城市发展面临着严重的生态环境问题与挑战,城市可持续性是解决这些问题的根本出路.本文利用欧洲城市改造的案例对城市可持续性进行了分析和研究,通过城市可持续性的原则、特点和影响因素分析,重点讨论了欧洲地方环境行动计划,以及项目特点、预算来源、战略目标、管理形式和行动计划与方案,指出切实可行的行动计划、普遍的公众参与、充足的资金来源、相关利益人的协作体、信息技术应用是城市可持续性和竞争力提升的根本保证.     

Heterogeneous and unconventional coalitions around global food risks: integrating Brazil into the debates

Current debates about food-borne risks (GMOs and BSE) have not only deepened public concern about how food is produced on farms, processed in factories, and transported, stored and traded. More importantly, these debates have exposed a crisis related to central social issues, such as the role of science, politics and business corporations in the decision-making processes for determining which risks societies should, or are prepared to, assume. In this article, I discuss how cultural and social constructivist studies of environmental and health risks and Ulrich Beck's theory of world risk society can contribute to the analysis of how to deal with these conflicts. The criticism of quantitative methods of risk analysis has resulted in a certain idealization of the lay knowledge of risks as being intuitively more correct than the scientific one. One consequence of this polarization between expert and lay knowledge—idealizing the latter—is a disappointing vagueness when looking for alternatives on how to deal practically with risks that have important consequences. A key obstacle to the implementation of some of the suggestions presented by the critical risk analysis approach is that, for example, in the current global dynamics of food-borne risks we can find heterogeneous alliances for and against GMOs allying lay people and experts, as well as conventional and unconventional social actors, in a complicated manner, at the regional, national and international levels. Since a significant part of the analysis of manufactured risks focuses on the situation of highly industrialized countries, a more complex perspective of these lay and scientific alliances can be obtained from a more extensive study of the reactions surrounding GMOs and BSE in less-industrialized countries, such as Brazil. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于机制设计理论的环境政策初探

机制设计理论是研究在市场失灵的情况下，如何设计一套机制达到既定社会目标的理论。而环境问题的特殊性质使得单纯依靠市场无法合理有效的解决环境问题，这就需要机制设计这一理论的指导。基于机制设计理论的原理，已探索出很多环境政策，有效的预防并解决了污染问题，使公众利益与社会的总体利益达到了“激励相容”。本文在以排污税、排污权交易等环境政策的设计为例，探讨了机制设计理论在环境政策制定中的应用，同时分析了机制设计理论存在的问题，指出在经济全球化的背景下，依靠机制设计理论解决环境问题遇到的瓶颈，提出了利用机制设计理论制定环境政策未来的可能方向和着力点。     

马克思恩格斯经济全球化理论浅析

马克思、思格斯早在19世纪40年代已经前瞻性地论述了经济全球化的思想,他们认为:资产阶级的资本是经济全球化的主体和内在动力,经济全球化的实质是资本的全球化;经济全球化的原因是生产力的发展和技术的进步;经济全球化的趋势是全球社会主义。马克思主义的经济全球化理论为研究当代经济全球化的原因、特征、发展趋势及其对当今世界的影响有着重要意义。     

Did Child Restraint Laws Globally Converge? Examining 40 Years of Policy Diffusion

Objective: The objective of the current study is to determine what factors have been associated with the global adoption of mandatory child restraint laws (ChRLs) since 1975.

Methods: In order to determine what factors explained the global adoption of mandatory ChRLs, Weibull models were analyzed. To carry out this analysis, 170 countries were considered and the time risk corresponded to 5,146 observations for the period 1957–2013. The dependent variable was first time to adopt a ChRL. Independent variables representing global factors were the World Health Organization (WHO) and World Bank's (WB) road safety global campaign; the Geneva Convention on Road Traffic; and the United Nation's (UN) 1958 Vehicle Agreement. Independent variables representing regional factors were the creation of the European Transport Safety Council and being a Commonwealth country. Independent variables representing national factors were population; gross domestic product (GDP) per capita; political violence; existence of road safety nongovernmental organizations (NGOs); and existence of road safety agencies. Urbanization served as a control variable. To examine regional dynamics, Weibull models for Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Latin America, the Caribbean, and the Commonwealth were also carried out.

Results: Empirical estimates from full Weibull models suggest that 2 global factors and 2 national factors are significantly associated with the adoption of this measure. The global factors explaining adoption are the WHO and WB's road safety global campaign implemented after 2004 (P <.01), and the UN's 1958 Vehicle Agreement (P <.001). National factors were GDP (P <.01) and existence of road safety agencies (P <.05). The time parameter ρ for the full Weibull model was 1.425 (P <.001), suggesting that the likelihood of ChRL adoption increased over the observed period of time, confirming that the diffusion of this policy was global. Regional analysis showed that the UN's Convention on Road Traffic was significant in Asia, the creation of the European Transport Safety Council was significant in Europe and North America, and the global campaign was in Africa. In Commonwealth and European and North American countries, the existence of road safety agencies was also positively associated with ChRL adoption.

Conclusions: Results of the world models suggest that the WHO and WB's global road safety campaign was effective in disseminating ChRLs after 2004. Furthermore, regions such as Asia and Europe and North America were early adopters since specific regional and national characteristics anticipated the introduction of this policy before 2004. In this particular case, the creation of the European Transport Safety Council was fundamental in promoting ChRLs. Thus, in order to introduce conditions to more rapidly diffuse road safety measures across lagging regions, the maintenance of global efforts and the creation of road safety regional organizations should be encouraged. Lastly, the case of ChRL convergence illustrates how mechanisms of global and regional diffusion need to be analytically differentiated in order better to assess the process of policy diffusion.     

经济全球化背景下国际可持续发展进程的政治外交效应

本文以发展中国家和发达国家两大集团作为研究的基本单元，对国际可持续发展战略实施中产生的政治外交效应进行了初步分析。试图揭示经济全球化背景下国际可持续发展进程对世界经济社会和政治外交格局带来的影响和挑战，并就发展中国家开展国际可持续发展合作提出了对策建议。     

"分裂的全球化"与人类的可持续发展

经济全球化一方面推动了世界各国的合作，另一方面拉大了发达国家与发展中国家的差距。全球化进程中这种强弱群体的分化，实质上是一个“分裂的全球化”。它给人类的可持续发展带来了极大的挑战。全球化是人类发展不可逆转的方向。同时，可持续发展是人类社会共同的目标。只有解决分裂的全球化，人类才能实现可持续发展。