过氧化钙去除水中糖皮质激素的响应面分析

结合响应面方法Box-Behnken实验设计,对过氧化钙降解代表性糖皮质激素曲安奈德过程中的影响因素（过氧化钙投加量、溶液初始pH值、反应时间、糖皮质激素初始浓度）进行了探讨与分析,并对反应条件进行了优化.得出最优反应条件为：过氧化钙投加量4g/L;溶液初始pH值5.7,反应时间15.7min,初始TA浓度为0.06mmol/L.最优条件下模型预测的目标物降解率（88.6%）和实验得出的降解率（82.8%）数值接近,说明此响应面模型能够较准确预测过氧化钙对糖皮质激素的去除效果,并用电子顺磁共振仪对过氧化钙降解有机物过程中的作用自由基进行了检测.研究结果对过氧化钙技术去除有机污染物的发展有一定的参考价值.     

孕鼠PFOS暴露对糖皮质激素水平及胎鼠生长发育的影响

为探究孕期全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)暴露与母源糖皮质激素(GC)水平、胎鼠生长发育之间的关系,将孕期为12 d(GD12)的24只SD雌性大鼠,随机分为4组给予不同剂量的PFOS(0,5,10,20 mg·kg-1),连续灌胃7 d,在GD19时对孕鼠和胎鼠的体重、胎鼠肝脏系数和肝脏生化指标、孕鼠血清的生化指标和GC水平、胎盘11β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶2(11β-HSD2)的酶学活性和胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)的mRNA表达水平分别进行检测。结果表明,与对照组相比:PFOS 20 mg·kg-1组,母鼠体重、胎鼠体重和体长显著下降(P0.001);PFOS 20 mg·kg-1组,胎鼠肝脏脏器系数低于对照组(P0.001);PFOS 10 mg·kg-1组,胎鼠肝脏中的酶活性(ALT、AST和ALP等)显著升高(P0.001);PFOS 20 mg·kg-1组,孕鼠血清GC水平升高(P0.05);胎盘IGF-1的mRNA表达水平随PFOS剂量升高而降低;胎盘11β-HSD2的活性随PFOS剂量升高而降低。研究表明,孕期暴露PFOS可以导致胎鼠肝脏毒性,降低胎盘11β-HSD2氧化活性导致GC浓度升高,进而影响胎鼠的生长发育。     

In vitro assessment of corticosteroid effects of eight chiral herbicides

Abstract

Information regarding the enantioselective endocrine disruption of chiral herbicides is scarce. This study assessed the disrupting effects of eight typical chiral herbicides on corticosteroids (including glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids). Enantioselectivity of eight chiral herbicides were evaluated for their agonistic/antagonistic effects on glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) with CHOK1 cell line using reporter gene assay. Their influence on the production of corticosteroids were further investigated in H295R cell line using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). None of the racemates or enantiomers of eight chiral herbicides exhibited GR or MR agonistic activity at non-cytotoxic concentrations. However, rac-propisochlor and S-imazamox antagonized cortisol-induced transactivation of GR by 21.79% and 38.73% at the concentration of 1.0?×?10^?7 M and 1.0?×?10^?6 M, respectively, and R-napropamide remarkably attenuated aldosterone-induced MR transactivation by 68.78% at 1.0?×?10^?6 M. The secretion of cortisol was significantly restrained after treated with 1.0?×?10^?6 M rac-propisochlor and rac-/R-napropamide at the concentration of 1.0?×?10^?6 M by 26.49%, 30.10% and 35.27%, respectively, while this glucocorticoid was remarkably induced by 1.0?×?10^?5 M rac-diclofop-methyl and its two enantiomers at the concentration of 1.0?×?10^?5 M by 75.60%, 100.1% and 68.78%, respectively. Exposure to rac-propisochlor (1.0?×?10^?6 M), S-diclofop-methyl (1.0?×?10^?5 M) or rac-/S-/R- acetochlor (1.0?×?10^?6 M) and rac-/S-/R-lactofen (1.0?×?10^?6 M) inhibited the secretion of aldosterone by approximately 40%. Our findings suggested that chiral herbicides disrupted corticosteroid homeostasis in an enantioselective way. Therefore, more comprehensive screening is required to better understand the ecological and health risks of chiral pesticides.     

中国南海流沙湾中雄激素、糖皮质激素和孕激素的污染特征及其生态风险评价

近年来,类固醇激素在淡水水体中不断被检出,但是其在海水中的污染特征研究相对较少.本文对中国南海流沙湾进行样品采集,通过高效液相色谱与质谱联用技术(UPLC-MS/MS),研究了33种类固醇激素的污染特征及空间分布.结果表明,在海水和沉积物中均检出7种类固醇激素,含量范围为0. 003(甲羟孕酮,MP)～9. 023(去氢孕酮,DGT) ng·L~(-1)和0. 017(1,4-雄烯二酮,ADD)～9. 281(雄烯二酮,AED) ng·g~(-1).在海水中,类固醇激素浓度高低顺序为合成类高于天然类,丰水期高于枯水期,养殖区高于非养殖区.在沉积物中,类固醇激素在时空分布上无明显差异.海洋环境中类固醇激素的主要来源为水产养殖人为饲料添加和废水排放.生态风险评价结果表明,AED处于低风险,其他类固醇激素处于无风险.相关性分析表明,海洋环境中类固醇激素的含量分布规律与盐度、水温、颗粒物(SS)和化学需氧量(COD)有关.本研究有助于认识流沙湾地区类固醇激素的污染特征,并为其生态风险评价和管控提供科学依据.     

重组基因酵母报道系统筛检GR效应物质

用糖皮质激素受体重组基因酵母报道系统对3种天然与4种合成的糖皮质激素的糖皮质激素受体(GR)效应进行测定.结果表明,天然糖皮质激素中,肾上腺酮的活性最高;而合成激素中甲基强的松的活性最强.这些物质的GR效应与物质的化学结构密切相关.天然和合成糖皮质激素的GR效应随各自的辛醇水分配系数的增加而增强.