掺甲醇汽油对国III汽油机排放性能影响

在一台整车试验满足国III排放法规要求的多点电喷汽油机上,采用甲醇掺入汽油的混合燃料（甲醇的体积分数分别为0%、15%和50%）进行台架试验,使用傅里叶变换红外光谱分析仪（FTIR）在线检测了常规车用三效催化转化器前后的常规和非常规排放.研究结果表明：怠速工况下,掺醇燃料对NOx排放基本没有影响,但CO和HC随掺醇比增加而普遍降低,非常规排放中乙醛排放有所降低,甲醇和甲醛则随掺醇比的增加有较大幅度升高,热怠速时经催化后掺醇燃料对各种排放均无影响,可被控制在极低的水平;其它工况下,随掺醇比增加,CO和HC减少,NOx在高掺醇比下低速低负荷和高速高负荷时有较为明显的改善,非常规排放甲醛和甲醇排放随掺醇比增大而急剧增加,乙醛排放则随之减少.经三效催化转化器作用,无论常规排放NOx、CO和HC,还是非常规排放甲醛、甲醇和乙醛基本上能够实现零排放.     

Direct methanol fuel cell bubble removal mechanism using magnetic actuation

This article develops a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) with a magnet-actuated bubble removal mechanism. A micro-DC motor is used to control the bubble removal mechanism. The lower magnetic device is operated to extrude a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) runner to compress the liquid fuel in the anode flow channel, forcing the CO₂ bubbles in the runner to flow toward the outlet end. The bubble retention in the anode flow channel is thereby improved, enhancing the cell performance. The proposed mechanism stability and performance and Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) runner are also discussed.     

A real-time simulating non-isothermal mathematical model for the passive feed direct methanol fuel cell

In order to understand the complex transport phenomena in a passive direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), a theoretical model is essential. The analytical model provides a computationally efficient framework with a clear physical meaning. For this, a non-isothermal, analytical model for the passive DMFC has been developed in this study. The model considers the coupled heat and mass transport along with electrochemical reactions. The model is successfully validated with the experimental data. The model accurately describes the various species transport phenomena including methanol crossover and water crossover, heat transport phenomena, and efficiencies related to the passive DMFC. It suggests that the maximum real efficiency can be achieved by running the cell at low methanol feed concentration and moderate current density. The model also accurately predicts the effect of various operating and geometrical parameters on the cell performance such as methanol feed concentration, surrounding temperature, and polymer electrolyte membrane thickness. The model predictions are in accordance with the findings of the other researchers. The model is rapidly implementable and can be used in real-time simulation and control of the passive DMFC. This comprehensive model can be used for diagnostic purpose as well.     

喷射时刻对柴油甲醇组合燃烧发动机颗粒物排放的影响

为了进一步减少甲醇掺烧后的柴油机颗粒物排放,在一台由增压中冷的高压共轨柴油机改造成的柴油甲醇组合燃烧(DMCC—diesel/methanol compound combustion)发动机上详细研究了柴油喷射时刻对两种燃料共燃时的颗粒物生成及其排放的影响.试验工况选择重型柴油机常用的A50工况.试验结果表明,当柴油在上止点后喷射时,颗粒物排放的数量浓度随着甲醇替代率的增加而减少,当上止点前喷射时,颗粒物的数量浓度先减少后增加.随着喷射时刻的提前,颗粒中超细颗粒所占比例增大.随着喷射时刻的推迟,甲醇替代率降低颗粒物质量浓度的作用增强,同时甲醇替代率降低颗粒物几何平均直径的作用减弱.     

Research on transesterification parameters for producing plant sterols with supercritical methanol

The supercritical fluid method, regarded as a type of individual production process in the course of preparing plant sterols, has become a promising technology, which possesses advantages of high conversion rate without any pretreatment and need of a catalyst. This study examined the reaction process of the deodorizer distillate (DOD), which mainly included the direct transesterification of DOD to convert into free sterols. The effects of the ratio of methanol to DOD, reaction temperature and time on transesterification were studied. Furthermore, the interactions between different factors were also assessed using the response surface methodology. The optimal conditions obtained were as follows: reaction temperature 553 K, reaction time 80 min, and CH₃OH: DOD = 25:1 (mass ratio). Under these conditions, 36.42% sterol concentration was obtained, which is significantly higher in comparison with the initial sterols’ concentration in raw material (22.45%).     

顶空气相色谱法同时测定空气中甲醇和乙醇

顶空气相色谱测定空气中甲醇和乙醇含量,以蒸馏水吸收空气中甲醇和乙醇,顶空进样经DB-624毛细管柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器检测。实际操作证明,该法能满足工业废气和空气中的甲醇和乙醇的监测。     

好氧+物化组合工艺处理甲醇废水的工程应用研究

通过邳州某二甲醚生产企业的工程实例，介绍了好氧＋物化组合工艺在处理甲醇废水中的应用。该工艺具有处理设施运行稳定、处理效果好的优点，系统出水水质能够达到国家循环冷却水系统补充水水质标准的排放要求，可对二甲醚生产行业的废水处理有一定参考价值。     

气相色谱法测定气田产出水中的甲醇含量

文章建立了使用气相色谱仪分析气田产出水中甲醇含量的方法。通过实验在设定不同分流比的情况下,能有效监测出气田产出水中不同浓度的甲醇含量,此方法灵敏度高,最低检出限为0.02%,测定气田产出水中甲醇加标回收率达到93%～94%。     

光催化氧化处理低浓度含醇废水实验

室内实验了TiO2紫外光催化氧化处理废水中的低浓度甲醇。通过对TiO2催化剂活性及添加方式、溶液pH、紫外光强与催化剂加量等参数优化,在TiO2加入浓度为300mg/L和120 W紫外灯照射条件下,对6.8L甲醇浓度为2.77%的低浓度含醇废水持续处理70min后,废水中的甲醇去除率可达98.31%。该实验为进一步处理低浓度含醇废水提供了方法依据。     

甘氨酸厂废液综合治理的工艺及实验研究

对氯乙酸氨解法生产甘氨酸所排放的工业废水首先运用多效真空蒸发兼热泵技术回收氯化铵,然后对蒸发过程中产生的二次蒸汽冷凝水采用一次吹脱-催化氧化-二次吹脱的工艺进行处理,可使废水中的各种污染物有效去除。通过实验确定了冷凝水处理过程中的吹脱及氧化的最佳工艺参数。