Diversity of methanotrophs in a simulated modified biocover reactor

A simulated landfill biocover microcosm consisting of a modifying ceramsite material and compost were investigated. Results show that the mixture can improve the material porosity and achieve a stable and highly efficient (100%) methane oxidation over an extended operating period. The diversity of the methanotrophic community in the microcosm was assessed. Type I methanotrophs were enhanced in the microcosm due to the increased air diffusion and distribution, whereas the microbial diversity and population density of type II methanotrophs were not significantly affected. Moreover, the type I methanotrophic community structure significantly varied with the reactor height, whereas that of type II methanotrophic communities did not exhibit a spatial variation. Phylogenetic analysis showed that type I methanotroph-based nested polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) resulted in the detection of eight different populations, most of which are related to Methylobacter sp., whereas that of type II resulted in the detection of nine different populations, most of which are related to Methylocystaceae. Methanotrophic community analysis also indicated that a number of new methanotrophic genera not closely related to any known methanotrophic populations were present.     

Do land utilization patterns a ect methanotrophic communities in a Chinese upland red soil?

Soil samples were collected from three plots under di erent land utilization patterns including degradation, farming, and restoration. The abundances of methanotrophs were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on the pmoA and 16S rRNA genes, and the community fingerprint was analyzed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) aiming at pmoA gene. Significantly lower 16S rRNA and pmoA genes copies were found in the degradation treatment than in farming and restoration. Higher abundances of Type I than those of Type II methanotrophs were detected in all treatments. The treatment of farming was clearly separated from degradation and restoration according to the DGGE profile by cluster analysis. The lowest diversity indices were observed in the F (farming plot), suggesting that the community structure was strongly a ected by farming activities. There were significantly positive correlations between the copy numbers of pmoA also Type II-related 16S rRNA genes and soil available K content. Strong negative and positive correlations were found between Type I and soil pH, and available P content, respectively. We concluded that the vegetation cover or not, soil characteristics including pH and nutrients of P and K as a result of anthropogenic disturbance may be key factors a ecting methanotrophic communities in upland soil.     

Methanotrophic community structure of aged refuse and its capability for methane bio-oxidation

Aged refuse from waste landfills closed for eight years was examined and found to contain rich methanotrophs capable of biooxidation for methane. Specially, community structure and methane oxidation capability of methanotrophs in the aged refuse were studied. The amount of methanotrophs ranged 61.97 103–632.91 103 cells/g (in dry basis) in aged refuse from Shanghai Laogang Landfill. Type I and II methanotrophs were found in the aged refuse in the presence of sterilized sewage sludge and only Type I methanotrophs were detected in the presence of nitrate minimal salt medium (NMS). The clone sequences of the pmoA gene obtained from the aged refuse were similar to the pmoA gene of Methylobacter, Methylocaldum, and Methylocystis, and two clones were distinct with known genera of Type I methanotrophs according to phylogenetic analysis. Aged refuse enriched with NMS was used for methane biological oxidation and over 93% conversions were obtained.     

渗滤液耦合矿化垃圾制备甲烷氧化菌菌液

利用甲烷氧化菌菌液增加材料中甲烷氧化菌的数量,可以得到高甲烷氧化率的填埋场甲烷生物氧化覆盖材料。研究发现,渗滤液原水和渗滤液处理尾水均能促进甲烷氧化菌的生长,可利用渗滤液耦合矿化垃圾混合培养制备甲烷氧化菌菌液用于填埋场甲烷减排。填埋龄长的渗滤液原水有着较好的培养效果,得到的菌液在4 d内最高甲烷氧化速率达到2.68 mL/h,超过甲烷氧化菌培养液(nitrate minimal salt medium,NMS)的实验结果。渗滤液中总氮、无机碳、总有机碳和Ni元素的含量对甲烷氧化菌的培养过程影响较大,适用于甲烷氧化培养的渗滤液应满足:总氮1 400 mg/L,总有机碳55 mg/L,Ni元素0.4 mg/L,总磷含量较高。     

甲烷氧化菌在填埋场覆盖层中的工程应用(Ⅱ):基质选择性及长效性

针对已筛选获得的甲烷氧化混合菌,选取填埋场覆盖土(LCS)、矿化垃圾(AR)和塘渣(TZ)3种填埋场周边易得的材料为供试生存基质,从基质选择性及长效性角度进行了甲烷减排应用条件的探究及使用效能评估.结果表明,在TZ、LCS、AR、TZ-AR和LCS-AR这5种生存基质中,TZ-AR最适合甲烷氧化混合菌的生长,且TZ与AR的复配比例以5∶5为最佳.甲烷氧化混合菌在TZ-AR的粒径≤4 mm和含水率为20%时具有最高甲烷氧化能力.一次性接种甲烷氧化混合菌在静态体系中的最佳使用有效期为31 d.其在接种量为0.08、0.16、0.20 m L·g-1和0.25m L·g-1时甲烷氧化速率无明显差异,从工程应用角度而言,8%的接种量为最佳.     

产甲烷菌和甲烷氧化菌分布对土壤-植物系统甲烷逸出的影响

CH₄(甲烷)的逸出量与产甲烷菌和甲烷氧化菌的数量密切相关.采用FISH(荧光原位杂交)技术定量解析芦苇和香蒲混栽土壤-植物生态系统基质,探讨CH₄的产生机理.结果表明,植物有利于微生物的生长,甲烷氧化菌主要聚居在植物根区,产甲烷菌数量高于甲烷氧化菌.气温变化和系统ORP(氧化还原电位)对土壤-植物生态系统CH₄排放通量的影响很大,芦苇和香蒲混栽土壤-植物生态系统CH₄年均排放通量为22.9 mg/(m2·h),最高达185.6 mg/(m2·h),排放峰值出现在夏季.表明芦苇和香蒲的生长促进了根际分泌物的产生,为产甲烷菌提供了较多生长所需的底物,从而刺激系统CH₄的排放.      

准好氧填埋场垃圾样品中甲烷氧化菌的群落多样性分析

为了探讨准好氧垃圾填埋场中的甲烷氧化机理,本研究利用RealTime-PCR和PCR-DGGE技术对其中的甲烷氧化菌分别进行了定量分析和群落多样性分析。研究结果表明,PCR-DGGE技术可以用于垃圾样品中甲烷氧化菌的微生物多样性分析;在距导气管0、2.5、5.0、10.0和15.0 m处垃圾样品中甲烷氧化菌的数量分别为1.13×109、2.22×108、2.38×108、2.20×107和5.21×106g-1,呈现逐渐降低的趋势;垃圾样品中甲烷氧化菌的丰富度和香侬多样性指数依次为：0 m〉2.5 m〉5.0 m=10.0m〉15.0 m,此外,垃圾样品中甲烷氧化菌可归为：Methylocaldum（甲基暖菌属）、Methylobacterium（甲基杆菌属）和Methylocystis（甲基孢囊菌属）,且优势菌种为Type I型Methylocaldum。     

甲醇对土壤甲烷氧化的影响及其微生物学机理

对设施栽培土壤甲烷氧化及其微生物学机理进行了研究，结果表明，不同土壤对甲烷的氧化能力各异，这可能与土壤的理化性质有关。土壤微生物是甲烷氧化的主要生物类群，不同碳源对甲烷氧化的影响各异，纤维素对甲烷氧化的抑制作用最小，高浓度的甲醇则对甲烷氧化具有强烈的抑制作用，而适当浓度的甲醇可极大地促进土壤甲烷的氧化。在甲烷释放极少的设施栽培土壤中，兼性营养甲烷氧化菌可能在甲烷氧化中占据主导地位。     

基于甲烷氧化菌的城镇污水厂尾水极限脱氮系统构建及机制

好氧甲烷耦合反硝化（AME-D）在城镇污水厂尾水深度脱氮方面具有巨大的应用潜力,研究采用改良型反硝化生物滤池,利用低浓度甲烷构建出AME-D极限脱氮系统.研究发现该系统在间歇式运行方式下,出水中总氮和氨氮的平均浓度能达到1.05 mg·L^-1和0.54 mg·L^-1,其平均去除率分别为94.77%和93.30%.拉曼光谱分析结果显示,由NO₃^-对称伸缩引起的峰明显消失,由醇COH面外弯曲或C—H面外弯曲振动吸收引起峰明显增强,甲烷被氧化形成的中间产物可能主要为醇类物质.16S rRNA基因测序结果表明,系统中的甲烷氧化菌主要为Methylocystis（0.27%）、Methylosarcina（0.10%）和Methyloparacoccus（0.12%）,反硝化菌主要为Pseudomonas（56.92%）、Paenibacillus（3.52%）和Lysinibacillus（3.00%）,硝化菌主要为Nitrospira（0.1%）,说明AME-D极限脱氮系统的脱氮功能是由好氧甲烷氧化菌、反硝化菌和硝化菌协同实现.     

Physical Determinants of Methane Oxidation Capacity in a Temperate Soil

Methane oxidation capacity of soil from an experimentalsite in Northwest England was strongly dependent on temperatureand percentage water holding capacity. The soil had a distincttemperature optimum of 25 °C, with capacity for net methaneoxidation being completely lost below 5 and greater than37 °C. Optimum percentage water holding capacity for methaneoxidation was in the range 30–60%, with significant reductions inmethane oxidation rates in soils outside this range. Organic andmineral layers within the soil showed differences in potentialmethane oxidation rate, with methane oxidation being most rapid inthe buried organic layer and least rapid in the surface organiclayer. The importance of soil structure and gas diffusionlimitation is underlined, as is the strong temperature dependenceof methane oxidation when such diffusion limitation is removed.