GA-g-PAMPS/AA/ST凝胶的制备及对亚甲基蓝吸附性能

采用微波辐射技术,通过接枝共聚反应制备了阿拉伯胶（GA）-g-2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）/丙烯酸（AA）/海泡石黏土（ST）（GA-g-PAMPS/AA/ST）复合水凝胶,利用FTIR、XRD、SEM对复合水凝胶进行了表征,研究了水凝胶对水溶液中亚甲基蓝（MB）染料的吸附性能.结果显示：GA、ST和AA与AMPS发生了接枝共聚反应,形成具有均匀三维网络结构的复合水凝胶.0.025g水凝胶可以使体积为50mL、pH值为6.4、浓度为600mg/L的MB溶液的吸附量和吸附率分别达1146mg/g和95.5%,水凝胶具有较好的重复利用性能.Freundlich等温模型和准二级动力学模型能更好地描述吸附过程.热力学研究表明水凝胶对亚甲基蓝吸附是自发、吸热和不可逆的过程.该水凝胶可用作阳离子染料和阳离子型污染物的潜在候选生物质吸附剂.     

Lightweight Concrete Containing an Alkaline Resistant Starch-Based Aquagel

Starch aquagel-based lightweight concrete has properties similar to those of other lightweight concrete products. However, starch aquagels are unstable in the strongly alkaline conditions typical of Portland Cement-based concrete and may interfere with the setting process. The effect of alkali treatments on the physical, mechanical, and functional properties of starch aquagels and aquagels from starch/polymer blends was investigated. Starch was blended at 100–115°C in a twin-screw extruder with five different polymers to determine whether the blends improved alkaline resistance. Polymer blends containing 5%, 15%, and 30% of the polymer hydrated and formed aquagels when equilibrated in water for 24 h. However, equilibrium moisture content was lower for the blends compared to the starch control. Aquagels equilibrated in 0.15 N NaOH swelled, lost compressive strength and had greater than 90% moisture. The blend of starch and 30% PVOH absorbed less moisture and was more resistant to alkaline dissolution in 1 N NaOH than the other blends tested making it a more suitable material for aquagel-based concrete. The moisture content of starch-based aquagels and mixing time were critical factors in determining setting times. The size of aquagel blends had a minor effect on density and compressive strength.     

快速高效去除微囊藻的GO/QPEI复合纳米材料

本研究合成了一种新型高效的去除铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)的氧化石墨烯/季铵盐聚乙烯亚胺(GO/QPEI)纳米复合材料.GO/QPEI在pH为4~10的条件下都具有高效去除M.aeruginosa的能力,其去除能力在2 min内可达96%以上.GO/QPEI对微囊藻的吸附更符合Freundlich方程,最大吸附量为5.58×1011cells·mg-1.吸附动力学表明GO/QPEI的假二级吸附反应.GO纳米片和QPEI的协同效应是其高效去除微囊藻的主要机制.     

Microwave-assisted continuous flow phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide composites and related visible light catalytic performance

The creation of an environmentally friendly synthesis method for silver nanomaterials (AgNPs) is an urgent concern for sustainable nanotechnology development. In the present study, a novel straightforward and green method for the preparation of silver nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide (AgNP/rGO) composites was successfully developed through the combination of phytosynthesis, continuous flow synthesis and microwave-assistance. Oriental persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) extracts were used as both plant reducing and capping agents for fast online synthesis of AgNP/rGO composites. The experimental parameters were optimized and the morphologies of the prepared materials were investigated. The characterization results reveal that spherical AgNPs were quickly synthesized and uniformly dispersed on rGO sheets using the proposed online system. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed that phenols, flavonoids, and other substances in the plant extracts played a decisive role in the synthesis of AgNP/rGO composites. Using sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) degradation of p-nitrophenol (4-NP) as a model, the catalytic activity of the prepared AgNP/rGO materials was evaluated. The complete degradation of 4-NP was achieved within 12 min through the use of AgNP/rGO materials, and the composite had a much better catalytic activity than the bare AgNPs and rGO had. Compared with the conventional chemical method, our online method is facile, fast, cost-efficient, and environmentally friendly.     

污水处理用聚乙烯醇凝胶的制备及结构与性能

采用化学交联法研究制备聚乙烯醇(PVA)固定化微生物凝胶用于污水处理,通过对固化剂种类、固化时间等制备工艺研究,获得了具有较高力学强度和通透性的PVA凝胶小球.对固化剂与PVA分子间相互作用、PVA凝胶交联程度及凝胶形貌进行了探讨分析.将所制备PVA凝胶小球用于污水处理,其COD去除率可达90%以上.     

用聚(丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺)水凝胶吸附单价阳离子染料的研究

研究了用聚 (丙烯酸 丙烯酰胺 ) [P(AAc AAm) ]水凝胶对较高较大浓度范围 (10 -6— 10 -2 mol L)的阳离子染料碱性藏花红 (SafranineT)溶液的吸附过程和水凝胶经解吸后的再吸附性质 .实验结果表明 :增大P(AAc AAm)水凝胶的交联度和电荷比值有利于吸附过程的进行 ,并强化了引发过程 (initiationprocess)而抑制了协同过程 (cooperativeprocess) .水凝胶经解吸后 ,其吸附能力大大地增强 ,复合度 (β)超过 1,约为 1 5 ,此时 ,协同性和染料分子间的疏水相互作用起了主要作用     

TiO2/膨润土纳米复合光催化剂降解偶氮染料的研究

采用酸性溶胶法合成TiO2 膨润土纳米复合光催化剂 ,并研究其光催化降解阳离子偶氮染料 .X射线衍射 (XRD)分析表明 ,TiO2 膨润土纳米复合物的d0 0 1衍射角为 9 0 6° .该复合催化剂具有较高的光催化降解有机污染物的活性 ,随着光照时间的延长 ,阳离子红GTL的特征峰 490 5nm强度逐渐减弱 ,最后它的特征峰可彻底消失 ,GTL的偶氮键是最活跃的化学键 ,它易于被氧化断键 .该复合催化剂的催化活性受溶液的pH影响较大 ,在中性和碱性条件下其光催化活性更强 .适量的过氧化氢可以加速光催化氧化反应 ,但过量的H2 O2 却抑制了羟基自由基的生成 ,从而使H2 O2 的利用效率下降 ,在本实验条件下其最佳用量是 6mmol L .     

Optimization, equilibrium, adsorption behavior and role of surface functional groups on graphene oxide-based nanocomposite towards diclofenac drug

Aquatic contamination of diclofenac (DCF), an emergent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs), can result in adverse effects to many ecosystems through biomagnification. Hence, introducing effective remediation techniques to sequester the pharmaceutical wastes is highly fundamental to prevent their accumulation in the environment. Generally, adsorption has been presented as a green and efficient approach. Herein, we report the characterization and application of the novel magnetic nanocomposite ([email protected]₂O₄) derived from cobalt-based ferrite (CoFe₂O₄) and graphene oxide (GO) for DCF adsorption. For the optimization procedure, the response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to investigate the impacts of DCF concentration (1.6–18.4 mg/L), DCF dosage (0.08–0.92 g/L), and solution pH (2.6–9.4) to find the optimum conditions for DCF removal, at 10.5 mg/L, 0.74 g/L, and pH 4, respectively. For the adsorption experiments, the kinetic, isotherm, thermodynamic, and intraparticle diffusion models were systematically studied. Moreover, we have elucidated the role of functional groups on the surface of [email protected]₂O₄ in enhancing the adsorption of DCF drug. With good removal efficiency (up to 86.1%), high maximum adsorption capacity (32.4 mg/g), [email protected]₂O₄ can be a potential candidate to eliminate DCF drug from water.     

Nitrate removal from aqueous solutions by magnetic cationic hydrogel: Effect of electrostatic adsorption and mechanism

Excessive nitrate(NO_3~-) is among the most problematic surface water and groundwater pollutants.In this study,a type of magnetic cationic hydrogel(MCH) is employed for NO_3~-adsorption and well characterized herein.Its adsorption capacity is considerably pHdependent and achieves the optimal adsorption(maximum NO_3~--adsorption capacity is95.88±1.24 mg/g) when the pH level is 5.2-8.8.The fitting result using the homogeneous surface diffusion model indicates that the surface/film diffusion controls the adsorption rate,and NO_3~-approaches the center of MCH particles within 30 min.The diffusion coefficient(D_s) and external mass transfer coefficient(k_F) in the liquid phase are1.15 × 10~(-6) cm~2/min and 4.5 × 10~(-6) cm/min,respectively.The MCH is employed to treat surface water that contains 10 mg/L of NO_3~-,and it is found that the optimal magnetic separation time is 1.6 min.The high-efficiency mass transfer and magnetic separation of MCH during the adsorption-regeneration process favors its application in surface water treatment.Furthermore,the study of the mechanism involved reveals that both-N~+(CH_3)_3 groups and NO_3~-are convoluted in adsorption via electrostatic interactions.It is further found that ion exchange between NO_3~-and chlorine occurs.     

磁性壳聚糖凝胶球固定厌氧铁氨氧化菌对废水氨氮去除的影响

厌氧铁氨氧化(ammonium oxidation coupling with iron reduction,Feammox)反应是一种在厌氧条件下,由厌氧铁氨氧化菌驱动,以三价铁为电子受体,氧化氨氮的生物化学途径,它可以用于去除水体中的氨氮.为提高厌氧铁氨氧化菌对氨氮废水处理效果,采用"氢氧化钠共沉淀-溶胶-凝胶"法制备粒径为1~5mm的磁性壳聚糖凝胶球(magnetic chitosan hydrogel beads,MCHBs),将厌氧铁氨氧化菌固定,研究其对废水中氨氮去除效果和影响因素,并与游离厌氧铁氨氧化菌对废水氨氮去除效率作对比.制备的MCHBs进行X射线衍射(XRD)和振动样品磁强(VSM)等表征分析.结果表明,MCHBs为铁磁性、结晶度高,饱和磁化强度达29.46 emu·g~(-1).MCHBs固定厌氧铁氨氧化菌比游离菌具有更高的氨氧化和铁还原速率,平均增幅为42.96%和20.75%,以MCHBs(1~2 mm)固定厌氧铁氨氧化菌的效果最显著(P0.05).进一步研究发现,不适宜氨氮浓度、温度和pH下,MCHBs(1~2 mm)固定厌氧铁氨氧化菌氧化氨氮的能力均比游离菌高.初始氨氮浓度60.00 mg·L~(-1)、温度25℃和pH 4.50时,厌氧铁氨氧化效果较好,主要产物为硝态氮和二价铁,16 d时MCHBs(1~2 mm)固定厌氧铁氨氧化菌对氨氮去除率高达53.62%.这些结果都表明以MCHBs固定厌氧铁氨氧化菌后,能起到增强厌氧铁氨氧化反应去除废水氨氮的目的.