论环境产业

本文在可持续发展视角下,把环境的保护、修复、维护的生产活动及与之直接相关的服务活动称为环境产韭,包括发挥减少、避免污染环境作用的资源再利用鼗和发挥治理污染物与修复、改善环境作用的环境维护业.通过探讨环境产业的内涵、发展历程、运行机制和在产业体系中的位置与作用,指出环境产业是在法规保障下政府强行推动产生和发展起来的,是产业体系中不可缺少的重要组成部分;考虑自然环境对社会行为的影响,改进政府行为构建适台环境产业与传统产业协调发展的经济体制是加快发展环境产业的关键.     

汶川地震灾区过渡房安置点场地选择中的地震问题

大地震后,如何在最短的时间内在灾区选择比较安全的过渡房安置点建设场地,是一项具有挑战性的工作。本文以四川省汶川8.0级大地震后灾区群众快速安置为背景,论述了选择过渡房安置点场地必须考虑的地震问题,并提出了处理地震断层、地表裂缝、砂土液化、坍塌等实际问题的方案;利用强余震的预测结果,分析了这些灾害对场地可能造成的危害;同时对可能潜在的滑坡、危岩崩塌、泥石流等地质灾害提出相应的处理建议,供安置点规划建设参考。     

Improvement of the antifouling characteristics in a bioreactor of polypropylene microporous membrane by the adsorption of Tween 20

Surface modification by physical adsorption of Tween 20 was accomplished on polypropylene microporous membranes (PPMMs). Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR/FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to characterize the chemical and morphological changes on the membrane surfaces. Water contact angles and relative pure water fluxes were measured. The data showed that the hydrophilic performance for the modified membranes increased with the increase in the adsorption amount of Tween 20 onto the surface or into the pores of polypropylene microporous membranes. To test the antifouling property of the membranes by the adsorption of Tween 20 in a membrane bioreactor (MBR), filtration for active sludge was performed using synthetic wastewater. With the help of the data of water fluxes and the FE-SEM photos of the modified PPMMs before or after operating in a MBR for about 12 d, the PPMMs with monolayer adsorption of Tween 20 showed higher remained flux and stronger antifouling ability than unmodified membrane and other modification membranes studied.     

循环序批式活性污泥反应器的调试及运行

介绍了循环序批式活性污泥反应器的工艺流程及设计参数、调试和运行情况,分析探讨了系统运行中出现的一些问题。稳定运行期间的检测结果表明,反应器对COD和NH3-N具有较好的去除效果,平均去除率分别达到86.2%和92.1%,但对TP的去除率有待提高。     

宿迁3次突发性空气重污染过程对比分析

利用空气质量资料、常规观测资料、NCEP1.0°×1.0°再分析资料，应用数理统计、天气学等方法对宿迁市3次突发性重污染天气进行对比分析.结果表明：①宿迁"突发"空气重污染时，AQI级别由前一日的一、二级至第2日转为五级以上，AQI值迅速上升.②3次空气重污染过程天气背景相似，高层为宽广平直的偏西气流，地面受高压控制，中低层风向和温度平流突然转变，且都有深厚的逆温层结；持续变化较小的气压梯度、较低风速、温度日较差及相对湿度的增大（150328过程（即2015年3月28日—4月1日污染过程）除外）为颗粒物浓度迅速增长提供了条件.③大气稳定度级别迅速变高和混合层高度迅速降低并维持，对污染物快速聚集有显著影响.④物理量诊断表明，污染发生前期上空为弱上升运动，随后迅速转为下沉运动，或气流下沉运动区域迅速扩大、升高，是空气质量迅速转差的重要动力因素.⑤内蒙古地区的沙尘远距离输送形成的污染，是造成150328过程与另外两次过程明显不同的主要原因.     

关于500t／h污水处理场设备运行的探讨

济南炼油厂新建污水处理场采用目前国内石化系统污水处理先进技术，对设备，构筑物等进行实际运行标定。尤其是设备改造，提出作者的见解，同时对污水处理问题进行探讨。     

三槽式切换氧化沟运行工况数学模式及应用

三槽式切换氧化沟运行工况呈周期性的变化。根据理论分析，建立了各槽活性污泥浓度变化及相互关系的数学模式，并进行了验证。同时就数字模式在周期程序设置及排泥方式选择时的应用做了说明。     

功能区排放负荷污染系数百分比分配法研究

在考虑了总量控制区风频、风速和各功能区位置及污染源“影响范围”等影响因素的条件下，提出了“平均下风距离”的概念，从而建立了一种更为科学、合理的总量控制区内功能区排放负荷分配新方法。通过与 总量控制A值法所提出的面积分配方法相比较，验证了新方法的合理性和有效性。     

An assessment of how distance and diesel oxidation catalyst will impact thermal decomposition behaviors of particles

Decomposition mass loss and pyrolysis products analyses of particles sampled at various locations along the tailpipe of a Euro-IV diesel engine were performed using a thermogravimetry in conjunction with Fourier transformation infrared spectrometry-mass spectrum. Diesel particles were collected at the same location with and without diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) mounted on the test engine separately. The three poles in thermal gravity-differential thermal gravity images suggested that the decomposition process of diesel particles could be divided into three stages which correspond to the decompositions of lower boiling substances, higher boiling substances and soot respectively. It is noticed that no matter whether DOC was mounted or not, the further the particles were sampled away from the engine block, the lower the peak temperatures and the heavier the mass losses within the first two stages, which indicated that the soluble organic fraction in the particle samples increased and therefore lowering the activation energy of thermal decomposition. Hydroxyl, ammonia, C_xH_y fragments, benzene, toluene, and phenol were found to be the primary products of particle decomposition, which didn't change with the location of particle sample point. The employment of DOC increased the activation energy for particle oxidation and resulted in a higher peak temperature and lower mass loss within the first-stage. Moreover, the CO stretching bands of aldehyde and ketone at 1771 cm^?1 was only detected without a DOC, while the NO₂ peak at 1634 cm^?1 was solely noticed with the presence of DOC. Compared to the first-stage pyrolysis products, more polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and less C_xH_y fragments were seen in the second-stage.