基于OMI数据的东南沿海大气臭氧浓度时空分布特征研究

基于臭氧监测仪(OMI)卫星反演数据,对2005—2018年东南沿海5省区域大气臭氧柱浓度数据进行提取及分析,探讨其时空分布格局及影响因素.结果表明:①在时间变化上,14年间,该区域大气臭氧柱浓度整体呈先上升后下降的趋势,2005—2013年臭氧柱浓度持续升高,最高值为324.52 DU,高值区不断向南部区域扩大;2013—2018年臭氧柱浓度呈下降趋势,最低值为228.27 DU,但在2017、2018年略有上升.②在空间分布上,臭氧柱浓度自北向南逐渐降低,高值区集中分布在江苏及浙江省北部;低值区集中于福建省南部及广东省大部分地区.③在季节变化上,大体呈现出春夏季高于秋冬季,高值区在春夏季交替出现,秋季略高于冬季,但差异不明显.④稳定性分析表明:研究区臭氧柱浓度整体呈现中部分散、南北部集聚、差异较显著的分布格局.⑤自然因素中,风向、气温均呈现显著正相关,江淮地区的梅雨季节(降水)及华南地区的台风和暴雨也起到显著作用.⑥人文因素中,臭氧柱浓度与地区生产总值、各产业生产总值及机动车保有量均表现出正相关,其中,臭氧柱浓度与第二产业的相关度最高.另外,臭氧柱浓度与NO_x排放量表现出显著相关性.VOC_s对臭氧柱浓度的影响中,工业源是主控因素,交通源和居民源次之,电厂源对臭氧柱浓度的影响最弱.这进一步说明臭氧浓度的变化受到了诸多因素的综合影响,但气温、NO_x及VOC_s的排放是臭氧浓度变化的主导因素.     

中国东南沿海大(中)型浅成中低温热液矿床—斑岩型矿床评价的地质准则、成矿模式及其找矿意义

本文总结中国东南沿海高钾钙碱性—双峰式火山岩带中已勘查大中型矿床成矿环境的共性：矿床所处区域构造的部位、成岩与成矿时代、矿床与岩浆成因类型、火山构造及其基底构造控矿性、矿床与爆发角砾岩、矿床与矿化类型叠加与共生、矿化与蚀变的分带往、矿床定位深度与剥蚀深度。作者认为这八点可作为找寻与评价大（中）型矿床的地质准则。通过火山地质与矿床地质统一的研究提出本区晚中生代以火山为中心地热体系的成矿模式。并就三个方面作类比：①与现代火山地热体系成矿作用类比；②以紫金山高硫型浅成低温热液矿床与世界同类型矿床作比较；③与环太平洋其他火山岩带同类型矿床模式作类比．通过建立本区的模式与类比获得进一步找矿中值得重视的一些思路．     

Sea water intrusion in coastal areas of Yellow Seaand Bohai Sea

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云南粉土的动力特性试验研究

粉土是一种具有特殊工程性质的土,由粉土液化引起的工程震陷造成的危害极大。根据云南粉土的室内共振柱试验,得到了归一化处理后的G/Gm ax~γ/rγ和D~γ曲线,并运用修正后的双曲线模型进行了拟合分析。根据室内振动三轴试验,得出不同固结比和不同固结压力下的土的动强度与振动次数的试验曲线,发现动强度与破坏振次间符合较好的乘幂关系,动强度与固结比之间符合较好的二次抛物线关系;分析不同围压下孔压与破坏振次的试验曲线规律,发现可以用指数函数进行拟合。结果可供该类土的动力特性研究参考。     

Aboriginal world views and colonisation: implications for coastal sustainability†

In this paper, we show how the Aboriginal people in the south-west of Australia (the Nyungar) developed systems of knowledge, of caring for country and of family relations that enabled them to survive for tens of thousands of years and continue to have importance today. The impacts of British colonisation on cultural continuity and knowledge in the south-west have been significant and include loss of land, break-up of families and massacre. These practices led to a loss of knowledge of language and culture in some cases. However, Nyungar culture is alive and dynamic, constantly being reclaimed, re-energised and rebuilt through the interaction of contemporary and traditional research praxis. Focusing on Derbal Nara (Cockburn Sound) on the coast in the southern metropolitan area of Perth, we provide case examples of the action-research-learning methodologies used by Whadjuk Nyungar Traditional Owners. We also provide examples of stories about Derbal Nara that are still alive and being recounted up to the present day, including those that account for the recent ice age and the end of the ice age 8000 years BC when sea levels rose, drowning land in the area of Derbal Nara. Finally, we argue that Whadjuk Nyungar experiences and world views based on relationality and reflexivity are central to sustainable coastal management and that in some respects there has already been a convergence of Indigenous and Western coastal management. We present a set of principles that support the development of this “third space” for coastal sustainability.     

Petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in eight mollusc species along Tamilnadu coast, Bay of Bengal, India

Eight mollusc species and sediment samples collected from three different stations along Tamilnadu coast, Bay of Bengal, India were analysed for the levels of petroleum hydrocarbons to elucidate the status of the petroleum residues in mollusc meant for human consumption. The concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments along Tamilnadu coast varied from 5.04–25.5 g/g dw (dry weight). High concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in the sediment of Uppanar estuary (25.5 1.45 g/g dw) was perhaps land and marine based anthropogenic sources of this region. The petroleum hydrocarbon residues in eight mollusc species collected from Uppanar, Vellar and Coleroon estuaries varied between 2.44–6.04 g/g ww (wet weight). Although the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediment of the Uppanar region was markedly higher than the background, the petroleum hydrocarbon residues in mollusc collected from Uppanar estuary did not suggest bioaccumulation. The results signified that industrial growth has affected the aquatic environments and regular monitoring will help to adopt stringent pollution control measures for better management of the aquatic region.     

江苏如东互花米草盐沼湿地重金属分布及其污染评价

为了解互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)对盐沼湿地环境的影响,于2010年7月在江苏如东潮间带,依据互花米草的有无及其长势设置站点,对表层沉积物的8种重金属含量、粒度组成、总有机碳进行分析,采用地累积指数法(Igeo)和Hkanson潜在生态风险指数法进行污染评价.结果表明,如东滩涂表层沉积物中Pb、Cd、As、Hg、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn的平均含量低于海洋沉积物标准I类,其中Cd、Hg、Ni、Zn的含量高于中国大陆沉积物-浅海粉砂背景值.整体上,8种元素在米草覆盖区平均含量均高于邻近光滩.地累积指数显示该盐沼带重金属为无污染状态,而Hkanson潜在生态风险评价显示为低污染和中度污染的临界状态,风险指数为低;两方法均显示该区域污染以Cd和Hg最重.由海向陆随米草长势渐好(垂直岸线断面),As、Cu及Hg元素的含量、地累积指数、潜在生态风险系数呈渐增趋势;拓殖1年左右的米草斑块区内(平行岸线断面),8种元素在植被覆盖区的含量、污染程度及潜在生态风险均高于邻近无植被覆盖区.此外,斑块分布区中,Cd、Cu含量显著低于垂直断面的茂盛分布区.互花米草是大部分重金属污染物在沉积物中富集的重要驱动力之一,且互花米草群落可阻滞污染物直接扩散入海,因而降低生态危害.互花米草对重金属分布的影响与米草的拓植年限、金属元素存在形态和来源有关.     

Sources and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from the Spanish northern continental shelf. Assessment of spatial and temporal trends

The distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was determined in surface sediments collected at 36 stations along the Spanish Northern continental shelf in March and September 2003, and February 2005. Concentrations of PAHs (Σ13 parent components) were in the range of 22-47528 μg/kg dw, the highest values corresponding to coastal urban-industrial hotspots and decreasing offshore. Sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) showed that concentrations of total PAHs were below the threshold effect level (TEC) in 27 stations (81%) and above in 7, two of which (Gijon and Bilbao) were above the probable effect concentration (PEC). The detailed study of diagnostic ratios suggested a rather uniform mixture of petrogenic and pyrolytic PAH sources along the continental shelf, with a slight decrease of the latter moving westwards and offshore. In order to assess the incidence of sediment sampling on the variability of the results, selected stations were also monitored in February and September 2004 and September 2005. The average field variance of the values obtained for each station was 31% that decreased to 23% when the values were normalized to TOC.     

Mapping Biological Resources in the Coastal Zone: An Evaluation of Methods in a Pioneering Study from Norway

For many years, the planning and management of terrestrial areas has been supported by a detailed knowledge of the distribution of habitats and their associated species. However, the detailed mapping of biological resources in extent coastal areas, such as the Norwegian coastal zone, is unrealistic due to its enormous coastline. Here, we present a useful and feasible approach and a set of simple, cost-effective methods which are suitable for providing a broad-scale overview of marine habitats and fish resources. This approach was developed in conjunction with a pioneer study conducted along the southern coast of the Skagerrak, where we combined knowledge gathered from local fishermen with scientific knowledge of important species and nature types to establish a coastal sea mapping program. GIS modeling tools were used in both the mapping program and to integrate local and scientific knowledge into digital maps made available to local area management. This multi-faceted approach, which combines local knowledge and scientific methods, provides valuable information with respect to marine biodiversity, and has been used extensively by local environmental management.     

秦皇岛海岸侵蚀动态研究

利用不同时期的地形图、遥感图片对比,并选取典型海岸岸滩监测剖面实测数据,对海岸侵蚀现状进行了分析和定量计算。分析结果显示,秦皇岛海岸全线处于侵蚀状态,平均蚀退率1.5～4 m/a,根据蚀退率可将秦皇岛海岸划分为严重侵蚀、强侵蚀、侵蚀、微侵蚀、稳定5种岸线侵蚀类型。