激光烧蚀皮革过程中的废气成分研究

皮革在激光烧蚀过程中会产生大量具有恶臭气味的有机废气,严重影响空气质量。为了评估该类型气体危害,分别利用紫外可见分光光度计和气相色谱-质谱联用仪,检测了天然皮革和人造革在激光烧蚀过程中的废气成分。结果显示烧蚀天然皮革所产生的废气中含有NO、NO2、SO2、二氨基丙烷和丙烯酸甲酯,烧蚀人造革所产生的废气中含有NO、NO2、甲硫醇、二硫化碳、乙二醇、二甲基二硫醚、丙二醇、乙二醇二甲醚和硫代乙酸甲酯。其中,甲硫醇、二硫化碳、二甲基二硫醚和乙二醇二甲醚都是产生恶臭的有机成分。研究为该类型废气的治理提供了基础数据和依据。     

基于综采面产尘分布与扩散分析的粉尘防治研究

在对W3709综采工作面产尘特点分析的基础上,将工作面产尘源分为落煤扬尘、落煤冲击产尘及割煤产尘3类。对采煤机顺风割煤与逆风割煤时粉尘运动规律进行了详细的分析,根据工作面产尘特点与粉尘运动规律,提出了包括煤层注水、采煤机割煤产尘治理与控制以及支架处粉尘治理一套完整的综合防尘系统。通过现场应用,工作面粉尘在原有设施降尘基础上降低86%以上,降尘效果良好,有效地解决了该工作面粉尘污染严重的难题。     

The ethics of genetic engineering and gene drives in conservation

The ethical issues associated with using genetic engineering and gene drives in conservation are typically described as consisting of risk assessment and management, public engagement and acceptance, opportunity costs, risk and benefit distributions, and oversight. These are important, but the ethical concerns extend beyond them because the use of genetic engineering has the potential to significantly alter the practices, concepts, and value commitments of conservation. I sought to elucidate the broader set of ethical issues connected with a potential genetic engineering turn in conservation and provide an approach to ethical analysis of novel conservation technologies. The primary rationales offered in support of using genetic engineering and gene drives in conservation are efficiency and necessity for achieving conservation goals. The instrumentalist ethical perspective associated with these rationales involves assessing novel technologies as a means to accomplish desired ends. For powerful emerging technologies the instrumentalist perspective needs to be complemented by a form-of-life perspective frequently applied in the philosophy of technology. The form-of-life perspective involves considering how novel technologies restructure the activities into which they are introduced. When the form-of-life perspective is applied to creative genetic engineering in conservation, it brings into focus a set of ethical issues, such as those associated with power, meaning, relationships, and values, that are not captured by the instrumentalist perspective. It also illuminates why the use of gene drives in conservation is so ethically and philosophically interesting.     

变权综合法在航空公司风险评价中的应用研究

针对民航风险评价中大多数综合评价方法采取常权综合法,当评价指标体系中某些指标出现严重缺陷时,导致最终综合评价值与实际情况不符的现象,将变权综合法应用到民航风险评价中。给出变权综合法风险评价的基本步骤,以航空公司风险评价为例,建立评价指标体系,运用模糊数学知识对底层指标进行赋值,并对其进行标准量化,其次根据变权综合评价法的基本原理及民航行业高风险的特点,选择适合的状态变权公式,计算评价指标体系的状态变权及变权,最后由变权综合法的综合评价公式,计算出系统的风险评价值。通过与常权综合法的计算结果相比较,变权综合法能较好解决民航风险评价中常权综合法存在的问题,同时计算结果也验证了变权综合法的优越性、有效性和实用性。     

基于指标规范值的地表水水质的模糊综合评价

传统的模糊综合评价法用于地表水水质评价,当指标数较多时需要设计很多隶属函数,设计和计算工作量皆很大,实际使用不便。在设定指标参照值和规范变换式基础上,将指标按各级标准规范值相近程度进行适当分类,只需分类设计隶属函数即可,大幅减少了计算工作量,使模糊综合评价法应用于地表水水质评价变得简化。     

气相色谱-质谱联用测定水产品中的合成麝香

利用快速溶剂萃取（ASE）和在线吸附净化,气相色谱-质谱（GC/MS）联用测定水产品中8种合成麝香.以正己烷为萃取溶剂,中性氧化铝为吸附剂,在100℃的温度下对水产品进行萃取.实验结果表明,方法的检测限为0.1—0.5 ng·g-1;在浓度1—80 ng·g-1的范围内,峰面积与样品浓度呈良好线性关系;8种合成麝香的回...     

基于AHP-模糊综合评价法的规划环境影响评价有效性研究

文章从评价主体、评价对象、介入时间、评价内容、公众参与、技术方法、政策制度等方面构建了包括"评价人员素质、早期介入、指标体系、评价标准、公众参与方式、工作程序完整性、法律法规、替代方案"等19项评价指标,提出了AHP-模糊综合评价法对规划环境影响评价有效性进行综合评价的方法,并以南阳石化专业园区规划环境影响评价为实证案例进行了定量分析.     

混凝-生物接触氧化处理合成橡胶碱洗废水

对化学合成橡胶碱洗废水进行了有机组分和可生化性分析，废水主要含有氯甲烷、六甲苯、异丁醇、甲醇等污染物质，生化降解实验中废水TOC可在6d内从60．9mg／L下降至0．0mg／L，可生化降解性好，适于生化处理。选择混凝．生物接触氧化组合工艺对废水进行处理，采用优化条件（pH=8、PAC=40mg／L、PAM=8mg／L）进行混凝，碱洗废水COD去除率为9．95％～72．94％（平均31．51％）；混凝后的碱洗废水与冲洗废水1：5混合进行接触氧化处理，在HRT为36h的情况下，COD去除率为65．6％-72．6％（平均70．4％），出水COD为134～331mg／L，满足企业废水排放市政管网的要求；同时，实验发现COD去除率与COD容积负荷存在指数函数变化关系。     

Convergence or divergence in desertification risk? Scale-based assessment and policy implications in a Mediterranean country

This paper explores changes (1990–2000) in two environmental indexes with the aim of providing empirical evidence on regional and local convergence in an increasing-impact phenomenon such as Land Degradation (LD) in Italy. Convergence analysis for ESAI (Environmental Sensitive Area Index) and LVI (Land Vulnerability Index) was developed at five different geographical scales. Results indicate that territorial disparities in land vulnerability tend to increase during the investigated period following a defined spatial pattern that depends on land quality, the environmental context and the economic performance of regional systems. Finally, the implications this process has on policy strategies aimed at mitigating desertification risk are discussed.     

某商城冷却塔噪声治理

商用建筑中央空调所用冷却塔由于受局限,与办公和居民点距离过近,其噪声常常超标,因此商场冷却塔噪声需要治理是比较常见的问题。从噪声源分析入手,采用隔声、吸声、消声、淋水噪声控制及减震五种手段进行综合治理,收到了较好的效果。