宁夏南部山区新修水平梯田耕地质量提升技术研究

本文针对宁南山区新修水平梯田水土流失和土壤肥力持续衰退的问题,从梯田培肥技术、耕作技术和管理措施3个方面研究总结了宁南山区新修水平梯田耕地质量提升关键技术,为提高宁南山区新修水平梯田生产力提供了技术保障.     

苏州市环境空气质量自动监测信息化平台建设思路研究

随着不断增长的环境空气自动监测数据量与滞后的数据管理方式之间的矛盾日益凸显,现有的环境空气自动监测平台已出现了一定程度的滞后,逐渐不能满足基层监测部门、决策机构和社会各界的要求,亟待更新和完善。对现有环境空气自动监测业务平台建设思路加以更新和完善,有助于建设功能相对完善的新型平台,从而为环境管理和社会公众提供更为高效、便捷的数字化服务,并对政府决策和预报预警提供更为及时的技术支撑和保障。     

The role of social learning for soil conservation: the case of Amba Zuria land management,Ethiopia

Social learning plays key roles in sustainable natural resource management; however, studies on its role show mixed results. Even though most current studies highlight positive outcomes, there are also negative effects of social learning with respect to natural resource management. This paper explores the influence of social learning outcomes on the adoption of soil conservation practices in Amba Zuria, Ethiopia. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, group discussions and in workshops. The interviews were transcribed and analysed with the qualitative data analysis software ATLAS.ti. In addition, a review of pertinent documents and literature complements the analysis. We found that social learning results in positive outcomes in interactions among the actors, broader understanding on soil conservation, trust and mutual understanding, and the creation of opportunities to apply both indigenous and scientific knowledge. These outcomes, in turn, foster the adoption of stone terraces to conserve soils. No such positive results were found for farmers who were not involved in the learning process and who did not adopt stone terraces. The non-adoption can partly be explained by their exclusion from sharing the positive outcomes of social learning. The study also shows limitations related to the short duration of the learning platforms, insufficient representation of women and irregular patterns of learning schedules. Hence, Ethiopian soil conservation strategies should put emphasis on social learning in order to strengthen the collective processes of soil conservation measures.     

黄土丘陵区“梯田退耕”生态重建规划方法——以燕沟流域为例

论文在阐述“梯田退耕”生态重建规划指导思想、内容、标准及宜遵循的基本原则的基础上,借助GIS空间分析技术,提出并探讨了针对黄土丘陵区中小尺度流域或行政村合理布建梯田和经济林果园地等的规划方法及技术流程,进而将其应用于燕沟流域,研究结果表明业已探讨的规划方法是可行的和实用的。按规划结果,燕沟流域至少需新修梯田295.06hm2、果园4.61hm2,使其基本农田达到359.23hm2、果园面积达到622.69hm2;森林覆盖率48.87%,林灌草植被覆盖率可达75%,坡地减沙效益在80%以上。农业发展预计每年可实现粮食总产1645.13t、苹果总产9340t以上,载畜量可达7500只羊单位。     

元阳梯田水源区土壤水氢氧同位素特征

稳定同位素技术为土壤水的运移研究提供了一种全新的研究手段.通过对元阳梯田水源区降水及其4种典型植被类型(乔木林、灌木林、荒草地和无林地)下0~100 cm剖面土壤水进行采样和氢氧稳定同位素的分析测定,研究了该区不同深度层次上土壤水的稳定同位素特征.结果表明,元阳梯田水源区的大气降水线方程为δD=6.838 4δ18O-5.692 1(R2=0.878 7,n=20),其斜率和截距均小于全球大气降水线.4种典型植被类型下的土壤水氢氧稳定同位素值均落于当地大气降水线下侧,且其表层土壤剖面上的同位素值波动变化幅度较大.随着土层深度的增加,δ18O值的波动变化越来越小,尤其以80~100 cm土层体现的最为明显.乔木林和荒草地两种林分类型整体上深层土壤水中的δ18O值要偏高于表层土壤,而灌木林和无林地则恰恰相反.     

民族生态系统的可持续发展模式--以哈尼梯田为例

从民族生态学的角度分析哈尼梯田民族生态学实践,阐述了哈尼梯田民族生态系统可持续发展的限制性因素.从认识论、方法论和技术三个层面构建了哈尼梯田民族生态系统的可持续发展模式,旨在为民族生态系统的可持续发展和新的文化生态伦理观的确立提供有益借鉴.     

黔中地区二级阶地堆积物边坡稳定性对工程建设的影响

结合在建工程清水河大花水电站实例,本文对黔中地区二级阶地堆积物边坡成因、堆积物物质成份、结构与其物理力学特性作了分析、总结,初步探讨了贵州省二级阶地堆积物边坡稳定性对工程建设的影响,望能给正在进行工程建设的同行以一定的参考,并对工程建设区的二级地堆积物边坡稳定性引起重视。     

冀西北黄土丘陵沟壑区梯田地埂植物篱的固埂作用与效益分析

经对张家口地区梯田地埂植物篱的研究表明 ,其固埂作用非常显著 ,且能够改善土壤的理化性状及水分状况 ,有效地拦蓄地表径流及泥沙 ,提高作物产量 ,具有明显的经济效益 ,在当地具有很广泛的推广应用价值     

梯级稻田主要营养元素的平衡特点

通过研究梯级稻田主要营养元素的输入、输出途径，发现了丘陵梯田所存在的生态环境问题及其营养丰缺状况，为合理施肥、发挥资源潜力提出了一系列的意见和建议。     

Long-Term Indigenous Soil Conservation Technology in the Chencha Area,Southern Ethiopia: Origin,Characteristics, and Sustainability

The purpose of this study is to examine the origin, development, and characteristics of terraces (kella), plus their potentials and determinants for sustainable use in the Chencha–Dorze Belle area of southern Ethiopia. Field surveys were conducted to determine the various parameters of the indigenous terraces and in order to collect samples for radiocarbon dating. To identify farmers’ views of the terrace systems, semi-structured interviews and group discussions were also carried out. Terraces were built and used—as radiocarbon dating proves—at least over the last 800 years. The long-term continued usage of the indigenous terraces is the result of social commitments, the structural features of the terraces, and the farmers’ responses to the dynamics of social and cultural circumstances. We dubbed that the terraces are a success story of fruitful environmental management over generations. Thus, a strong need is to preserve and develop this important cultural heritage and example of sustainable land use.