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J.-P. Hettelingh M. Posch J. Slootweg G. J. Reinds T. Spranger L. Tarrason 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(1-3):379-384
European critical loads and novel dynamic modelling data have been compiled under the LRTAP Convention by the Coordination
Centre for Effects. In 2000 9.8% of the pan-European and 20.8% of the EU25 ecosystem area were at risk of acidification. For
eutrophication (nutrient N) the areas at risk were 30.1 and 71.2%, respectively. Dynamic modelling results reveal that 95% of the area at risk of acidification
could recover by 2030 provided acid deposition is reduced according to present legislation. Insight into the timing of effects
of exceedances of critical loads for nutrient N necessitates the further development of dynamic models. 相似文献
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The original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Prenatal Diagnosis 20(12) 2000, 1008–1011. 相似文献
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Spranger T Hettelingh JP Slootweg J Posch M 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,154(3):482-487
Long-range transboundary air pollution has caused severe environmental effects in Europe. European air pollution abatement policy, in the framework of the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP Convention) and the European Union Clean Air for Europe (CAFE) programme, has used critical loads and their exceedances by atmospheric deposition to design emission abatement targets and strategies. The LRTAP Convention International Cooperative Programme on Modelling and Mapping Critical Loads and Levels and Air Pollution Effects, Risks and Trends (ICP M&M) generates European critical loads datasets to enable this work. Developing dynamic nitrogen flux models and using them for a prognosis and assessment of nitrogen effects remains a challenge. Further research is needed on links between nitrogen deposition effects, climate change, and biodiversity. 相似文献
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J. Slootweg J.-P. Hettelingh M. Posch G. Schütze T. Spranger W. de Vries G. J. Reinds M. van ’t Zelfde S. Dutchak I. Ilyin 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(1-3):371-377
Critical loads of cadmium, lead and mercury were computed by 18 countries of the LRTAP Convention. These national data were
collated into a single database for the purpose of identifying sensitive areas in Europe. Computing exceedances, i.e. comparing
the critical loads to atmospheric deposition, shows that cadmium was not a widespread risk in 2000, that the risk from lead
deposition has decreased since 1990 but was still widespread in 2000, and that the risk from mercury remains high without
much change from 1990 to 2000 in most of the countries. 相似文献
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Gauger Thomas Köble Renate Spranger Till Bleeker Albert Draaijers Geert 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2001,1(1-2):353-373
High spatial resolution maps of deposition loads in Germanyare produced as an input for abatement strategy research andfor critical loads exceedance calculations on a nationalscale. In this paper methods ofmapping total deposition loads in Germany and preliminarymaps of nitrogen and sulphur deposition loads for the year1993 are presented. A comparison of these mapping resultswith EMEP deposition mapping results has been carried out.The differences in the results of the German national and theEuropean EMEP mapping, due to different databases anddifferent methods, are quantified and discussed. Highresolution maps of deposition loads are compared to Europeanlow resolution maps on the same temporal and spatial scale,assuming that on average both should lead to similar results.However, the average differencescalculated for 23 EMEP 150 × 150 km2 grid cells over Germanywere found to be 33% higher for sulphur (S) total depositionby the German method 65% higher for S dry deposition and1% lower for S wet deposition. The German results fornitrogen (N) total deposition are 2% higher than the EMEPresult 22% higher for N dry deposition and 10% lower for Nwet deposition. 相似文献
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Spranger Till Kunze Frank Gauger Thomas Nagel Dieter Bleeker Albert Draaijers Geert 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2001,1(1-2):335-351
Critical load exceedances have been used as an effects-related parameter for guiding international air emission control negotiations. High-resolution critical load data are combined with low-resolution deposition data.This article shows that doing so systematicallyunderestimates `true' critical load exceedances as obtainedfrom combining critical load and deposition data of identicalhigh spatial resolution. 95th percentile critical loadexceedances in EMEP grids based on high resolution depositiondata are 60 and 150% higher (mean values for nutrientnitrogen and acidity, respectively) than critical loadexceedances based on the low resolution EMEP depositionmodel. The latter are used in international negotiations. Differences in individual EMEP grid squares vary betweeninsignificantly different from zero and 340%, depending onregional deposition and critical load characteristics andcritical load types (nutrient nitrogen versus acidity).Exceedances based on high-resolution deposition values arealso compared to EMEP grid averages of these values forforests only. This comparison excludes the effect ofsystematically higher depositions to forests. Still, thescale difference of (averaged, low-resolution) deposition and(high-resolution) critical loads data yields underestimatesof the 95th percentiles by on average ca. 20%.These systematic errors due to the scale dependence should beborne in mind when interpreting effects of internationalemission control measures. 相似文献
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