电化学开关表面活性剂对芘的可逆增溶作用

表面活性剂增强修复技术(SER)是目前行之有效的有机污染土壤修复技术,但SER技术存在表面活性剂与污染物分离困难、易导致二次污染、成本高等问题.基于此,提出采用具有电化学开关特性的表面活性剂(N,N-二甲基二茂铁甲基十二烷基溴化铵,Fc12)代替SER技术中的常规表面活性剂,发展基于开关表面活性剂的可逆增强修复技术(RSER).选取芘作为目标物,研究了Fc12在氧化和还原态对芘的增溶作用以及常见环境因素,如pH和温度对Fc12可逆增溶的影响.结果表明,相对于氧化态Fc12,还原态Fc12在其临界胶束浓度(CMC)以上时对芘表现出显著的增溶作用,且增溶能力随表面活性剂浓度增大而增强.温度对Fc12的增溶作用影响显著,例如,还原态Fc12在浓度为3 mmol·L~(-1)、25℃条件下时,芘的表观溶解度为0.779 mg·L~(-1),当温度增加到40℃时,芘的表观溶解度为0.971 mg·L~(-1),其表观溶解度增加了24.6%;但氧化态条件下,芘的表观溶解度仅增加了6.5%;芘的解吸率(芘在还原和氧化态Fc12的表观溶解度差值与还原态Fc12增溶芘的比值)由63.67%增加到71.27%.pH也显著影响Fc12的增溶,当pH值在6—10范围变化时,还原态Fc12的增溶作用呈现先增加后减小的趋势,且在pH 9附近增溶能力最强,而pH 8时芘的解吸果最好.     

纳米铁氧化物吸附处理重金属废水的研究进展

概述了用于吸附重金属的主要纳米铁氧化物的种类及其吸附效果,介绍了常见的纳米铁氧化物制备方法及改性方法,讨论了影响纳米铁氧化物吸附重金属的主要因素,并对纳米铁氧化物在水环境保护领域中的研究方向提出了展望:如发展绿色、高效的纳米铁氧化物制备工艺,探讨纳米铁氧化物结构调控和表面功能化对其吸附性能的影响等。     

Characteristic and mechanism of sorption and desorption of benzene on humic acid

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The sorption/desorption behaviors of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) on soil organic matter (SOM) have a significant influence on...     

基于压力响应关系法的湖泊营养物基准制定

湖泊富营养化与氮、磷及有机物含量过高密切相关,建立数字型营养物基准能够防止富营养化对水体指定用途造成影响.太湖流域是我国华东地区经济腹地,近年来流域内湖泊水质每况愈下,对其基准研究可为湖泊治理提供依据.详细介绍了压力响应关系法制定湖泊营养物基准的步骤,并将此方法运用到太湖流域营养物基准制定研究中.为满足大多数水体指定用途,研究中将该流域湖泊基本功能确定为娱乐、永生生物栖息地及饮用水,以此构建流域概念模型.选择压力变量为总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和有机物,响应变量为叶绿素a(chl-a).用非参数分析法和线性回归法分别建立压力-响应模型,通过2种方法相互验证得到TN、TP和CODMn基准分别为0.593、0.067和4.092 mg/L.     

The ageing effect on the bioaccessibility and fractionation of arsenic in soils from China

Ingestion of contaminated soil has been recognized as an important exposure pathway of arsenic for humans, especially for children through outdoor hand-to-mouth activities. An improved sequential extraction procedure was employed in an attempt to reveal the relationship between bioaccessibility and fractionation of As in five soils from China. Arsenic bioaccessibility in acidic ( approximately pH 4.5) soils reached approximately stable levels after a sharp decline within one week of ageing. In contrast, As bioaccessibility in higher pH (>6.0) soils was found to be significantly higher and took two weeks of ageing to reach stable levels. The artificially added As was more labile than indigenous As. The main proportions of added As were found in the specifically sorbed and amorphous and poorly-crystalline hydrous Fe/Al oxide-bound fractions. Correlation analysis shows that the non-specifically and specifically sorbed As are likely to constitute the main proportion of bioaccessible soil As. The soil content of amorphous and crystalline Fe/Al oxides and soil pH appear to be the key factors controlling, not only the time needed to reach a steady state, but also the magnitude of the bioaccessibility of As added to the soils.     

项目决策阶段清洁生产分析方法的研究

企业在建设项目决策时就应该按照清洁生产的原则，从源头控制污染。提出了在项目决策中，应从产品选择、工艺路线选择、主要设备选型和节能降耗4个方面进行清洁生产的分析方法，通过此分析方法的应用，可以避免项目决策中的环境失误和降低企业的环境风险。