白洋淀地区的多氯联苯污染研究

对白洋淀地区不同类型纸厂排水口底泥及保定市排污渠底泥进行了ＧＣ／ＥＣＤ分析，可萃取有机氯（ＥＯＣｌ）含量测定，检出了多氯联苯和有机氯农药。用截止分子量为１０００道尔顿的透析袋方法对相应地区的水体进行了检测，发现水体中可检出含氯农药六六六，但多氯联苯等由于水中存在浓度低未能检出，同样样品的ＧＣ／ＭＳ／ＣＯＭ结果表明，水体中主要存在的亲脂性有机污染物为：蒽酮、蒽二酮、苯胺、氯代烃、邻苯二甲酸酯类和苯系物。     

One-step preparation of a novel graphitic biochar/Cu0/Fe3O4 composite using CO2-ambiance pyrolysis to activate peroxydisulfate for dye degradation

Herein,a one-step co-pyrolysis protocol was adopted for the first time to prepare a novel pyrogenic carbon-Cu⁰/Fe₃O₄ heteroatoms (FCBC) in CO₂ ambiance to discern the roles of each component in PDS activation.During co-pyrolysis,CO₂ catalyzed formation of reducing gases by biomass which facilitated reductive transformation of Fe³⁺ and Cu²⁺ to Cu⁰ and Fe₃O₄,respectively.According to the a...     

Contribution of precursor compounds to the release of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from waste water treatment plants (WWTPs)

Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs) are ubiquitous in sludge and water from waste water treatment plants, as a result of their incorporation in everyday products and industrial processes. In this study, we measured several classes of persistent PFASs,precursors, transformation intermediates, and newly identified PFASs in influent and effluent sewage water and sludge from three municipal waste water treatment plants in Sweden, sampled in 2015. For sludge, samples from 2012 and 2014 were analyzed as well.Levels of precursors in sludge exceeded those of perfluoroalkyl acids and sulfonic acids(PFCAs and PFSAs), in 2015 the sum of polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid esters(PAPs) were 15–20 ng/g dry weight, the sum of fluorotelomer sulfonic acids(FTSAs) was 0.8–1.3 ng/g,and the sum of perfluorooctane sulfonamides and ethanols ranged from non-detected to 3.2 ng/g. Persistent PFSAs and PFCAs were detected at 1.9–3.9 ng/g and 2.4–7.3 ng/g dry weight, respectively. The influence of precursor compounds was further demonstrated by an observed substantial increase for a majority of the persistent PFCAs and PFSAs in water after waste water treatment. Perfluorohexanoic acid(PFHxA), perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid(PFHxS), and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid(PFOS)had a net mass increase in all WWTPs, with mean values of 83%, 28%, 37% and 58%,respectively. The load of precursors and intermediates in influent water and sludge combined with net mass increase support the hypothesis that degradation of precursor compounds is a significant contributor to PFAS contamination in the environment.     

Transport and fate of mercury under different hydrologic regimes in polluted stream in mining area

Seepage from Hg mine wastes and calcines contains high concentrations of mercury (Hg). Hg pollution is a major environmental problem in areas with abandoned mercury mines and retorting units. This study evaluates factors, especially the hydrological and sedimentary variables, governing temporal and spatial variation in levels and state of mercury in streams impacted by Hg contaminated runo . Samples were taken during di erent flow regimes in theWanshan Hg mining area in Guizhou Province, China. In its headwaters the sampled streams/rivers pass by several mine wastes and calcines with high concentration of Hg. Seepage causes serious Hg contamination to the downstream area. Concentrations of Hg in water samples showed significant seasonal variations. Periods of higher flow showed high concentrations of total Hg (THg) in water due to more particles being re-suspended and transported. The concentrations of major anions (e.g., Cl??, F??, NO3?? and SO4 2??) were lower during higher flow due to dilution. Due to both sedimentation of particles and dilution from tributaries the concentration of THg decreased from 2100 ng/L to background levels (< 50 ng/L) within 10 km distance downstream. Sedimentation is the main reason for the fast decrease of the concentration, it accounts for 69% and 60% for higher flow and lower flow regimes respectively in the upper part of the stream. Speciation calculation of the dissolved Hg fraction (DHg) (using Visual MINTEQ) showed that Hg(OH)2 associated with dissolved organic matter is the main form of Hg in dissolved phase in surface waters in Wanshan (over 95%).     

基于仿生防护技术的海底管线悬空治理研究

针对海底管线悬空对海洋油气田安全生产的严重威胁及其对海洋环境构成的重大隐患,文章以海底管线周围的局部冲刷及其冲刷防护与控制技术为研究对象,从海底管线冲刷机理入手,分析了管线一次悬空和二次悬空的原因,从模型实验和工程实践两方面开展仿生防护技术治理海底管线悬空研究,利用高分子材料仿生草叶片的柔性黏滞阻尼作用,减缓流速,降低水流的携沙能力,最终达到固沙、填沙、保护管线的目的。     

Research on simultaneous impact of hand-arm and whole-body vibration

This article presents the results of laboratory tests on the combined effect of whole-body vibration (WBV) and hand-arm vibration (HAV). The reactions of subjects exposed to various combinations of vibration were recorded. The vibrotactile perception threshold (VPT) test identified changes caused by exposure to vibration. Ten male subjects met the criteria of the study. There were 4 series of tests: a reference test and tests after exposure to HAV, WBV, and after simultaneous exposure to HAV and WBV. An analysis of the results (6000 ascending and descending VPTs) showed that the changes in VPTs were greatest after simultaneous exposure to both kinds of vibration. The increase in VPT, for all stimulus frequencies, was then higher than after exposure to HAV or WBV only.     

Self-assessment of hearing status and risk of noise-induced hearing loss in workers in a rolling stock plant

Noise measurements and questionnaire inquiries were carried out for 124 workers of a rolling stock plant to develop a hearing conservation program. On the basis of that data, the risk of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) was evaluated. Additionally, the workers' hearing ability was assessed with the (modified) Amsterdam inventory for auditory disability and handicap, (m)AIADH. The workers had been exposed to noise at A-weighted daily noise exposure levels of 74-110 dB for 1-40 years. Almost one third of the workers complained of hearing impairment and the (m)AIADH results showed some hearing difficulties in over half of them. The estimated risk of hearing loss over 25 dB in the frequency range of 3-6 kHz was 41-50% when the standard method of predicting NIHL specified in Standard No. ISO 1999:1990 was used. This risk increased to 50-67% when noise impulsiveness, coexposure to organic solvents, elevated blood pressure and smoking were included in calculations.     

砷氧化菌对胡敏酸络合As (Ⅲ)的氧化作用

土壤砷与土壤微生物相互作用是土壤砷形态转化中需要重点关注的内容之一.为了研究砷氧化菌对胡敏酸络合三价砷[HA-As(Ⅲ)]的作用,设置了不同p H值反应体系,研究砷氧化菌HN-2对HA-As(Ⅲ)作用下,砷的形态变化及其在固液两相中的分配.结果表明,在HA与As(Ⅲ)络合过程中,HA可以将一部分游离态As(Ⅲ)氧化为As(Ⅴ).其中,在p H=7的体系中,As(Ⅲ)被HN-2和HA氧化成As(Ⅴ)的效率最高.在含有砷氧化菌株和不含砷氧化菌株的体系中,0~10 h振荡过程中,HA-As材料均可以释放一部分As(Ⅲ)及As(Ⅴ)进入液相中,同时砷氧化菌可以快速地将As(Ⅲ)氧化为As(Ⅴ),而胡敏酸可以较缓慢地将As(Ⅲ)氧化为As(Ⅴ);反应10~24 h期间,HN-2砷氧化菌可以将络合态HA-As(Ⅲ)转化为游离态As(Ⅲ)并氧化为As(Ⅴ);48 h后反应逐渐达到平衡.固相同步辐射结果可以进一步证明HN-2砷氧化菌对络合态As(Ⅲ)的释放及氧化作用.     

复合药剂对不同类型重金属污染土壤的固化修复

为了考察复合药剂对Pb、Hg、Cr、Cd、Zn、Cu和Ni污染土样的固化修复效果,以重污染企业用地、冶炼厂河道底泥和自配土壤为污染土样进行试验,试验中的普适复合药剂主要为含磷酸盐沉淀剂、黏土和水泥,视情况辅以无机还原助剂和有机络合助剂。在普适药剂(相对原土样的质量分数15%)、还原剂(5%)和有机助剂(2%)的组配下,处理后的重金属浸出质量浓度低于GB 18598—2001标准值。普适药剂对Pb、Cd、Zn、Cu、Ni的固化有效,磷酸盐是促成Pb固化的关键成分,黏土和水泥分别起到吸附固定和物理包封的作用。无机助剂中的还原/络合性成分和硫化物分别对Cr(VI)和Hg的固化有明显的促进作用。对于Pb、Cd、Zn、Cu复合污染土壤的修复,分析了重金属浸出质量浓度随普适药剂投加量变化的特征曲线,结果表明,Pb比Cu的曲线斜率更大,表明Pb的固化效率更高;Cd和Zn具有相似的曲线形状,推测二者具有类似的固化机理。     

Hydrochar and synthetic natural gas co-production for a full circular economy implementation via hydrothermal carbonization and methanation:An economic approach

Herein we study the economic performance of hydrochar and synthetic natural gas coproduction from olive tree pruning. The process entails a combination of hydrothermal carbonization and methanation. In a previous work, we evidenced that standalone hydrochar production via HTC results unprofitable. Hence, we propose a step forward on the process design by implementing a methanation, adding value to the gas effluent in an attempt to boost the overall process techno-economic aspects. Three differen...