排序方式: 共有19条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Braden R. Allenby 《环境质量管理》1996,5(4):69-84
Industrial ecology is a new multidisciplinary field of study requiring that economic activity be integrated with, and have minimal impact on, surrounding natural systems. This systems-based approach is beginning to be implemented in private firms through the development of Design for Environment (DFE) methodologies and tools which support the integration of technological and environmental considerations in all economic activities. As part of this development process, a matrix system is proposed by the author by which the environmental and energy costs embedded in materials as used in generic applications may be identified, facilitating environmentally and economically efficient selection of materials. This Material Environmental Evaluation Matrix is supported by checklists which inform the evaluation process. A set of completed matrices for major materials in common applications forms the basis for an Environmentally Efficient Materials Database (EEMD). Once completed, the EEMD would inform consumers, product and process designers, business planners and managers, regulators and government purchasers, public interest groups, and others in their choice of optimal, environmentally and economically efficient, material options. 相似文献
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Mitigating urban sprawl effects: a collaborative tree and shade intervention in Phoenix,Arizona, USA
Michael J. Bernstein Arnim Wiek Katja Brundiers Kimberly Pearson Amy Minowitz Braden Kay 《Local Environment》2016,21(4):414-431
Communities in Phoenix are confronted with numerous challenges that adversely affect human health and safety, with disproportionate impacts on low-income communities. While some challenges are being addressed at the city level, new alliances at the neighbourhood level are initiating community development programmes and projects. This article reports on an intervention study carried out in collaboration with community representatives, city staff, and non-profit organisations to mitigate adverse effects of urban sprawl in the Sky Harbour Neighbourhood in Phoenix. Participatory research was conducted to design and test a tree and shade intervention. Challenges associated with navigating community desires and broader principles of sustainable development are discussed. The study offers a replicable and adaptable intervention research design aimed at empowering communities to meet urban challenges. 相似文献
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Cliff I. Davidson Chris T. Hendrickson H. Scott Matthews Michael W. Bridges David T. Allen Cynthia F. Murphy Braden R. Allenby John C. Crittenden Sharon Austin 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010,18(7):698-701
The field of engineering is changing rapidly as the growing global population puts added demands on the earth's resources: engineering decisions must now account for limitations in materials and energy as well as the need to reduce discharges of wastes. This means educators must revise courses and curricula so engineering graduates are prepared for the new challenges as practicing engineers. The Center for Sustainable Engineering has been established to help faculty members accommodate such changes through workshops and new educational materials, including a free access website with peer-reviewed materials. 相似文献
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Stakeholder groups, defined according to their transcendent values, have different concepts of sustainability. Their prioritizations of individual, family, collective, and local and global environmental issues also differs. Given this, the metrics required for a given sustainable development path are subjective. Therefore, the questions of who should define ecometrics, their transparency, number, state of aggregation, standardization, and benchmarking are questions that require an enfranchised multi-stakeholder debate. At present, corporations have been asked to bear the burden of environmental reporting and eco-indicators have been established to account for material intensity, energy consumption and waste or toxic releases, among other factors. However, the links among these local-, product-, or service-based microecometrics and global states such as temperatures or atmospheric concentrations have yet to be established. The relationship of macroecometrics to individual definitions of sustainable development also has not been addressed. This article summarizes four plenary lectures given at ECOMETRICS '98 in Lausanne, Switzerland. The workshop involved forty participants from industry, academic and government organizations representing seven countries and three continents. 相似文献
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Mieno, Taro and John B. Braden, 2011. Residential Demand for Water in the Chicago Metropolitan Area. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(4):713‐723. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00536.x Abstract: This paper provides the first contemporary analysis of residential water demand in humid Northeastern Illinois, in the vicinity of Chicago, and explores seasonal and income‐based differentials in the responsiveness of water use to water prices. Using a panel of system‐level data for eight water systems and controlling for seasons, weather, incomes, and community characteristics, the analysis yields low estimates of price elasticity of demand for water in line with other studies. Furthermore, price response is greater in summer and less in higher income communities. We suggest that use of seasonal pricing can help mitigate equity issues arising from differential income elasticities while taking advantage of the greater price responsiveness of summertime water use. 相似文献
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David W. Martin John B. Braden J. Lon Carlson 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(2):211-216
Abstract When forecasting the impacts of pollution control regulations upon industries which produce pollutants jointly with ordinary outputs, potential input and production process adjustments must be identified and assessed. The problem addressed here is that the empirical approximation of Joint production processes by a single-equation Least Squares (LS) regression misrepresents restrictions on input substitution possibilities. In such cases, some inputs are allocated to both production processes, which provides the jointness. But other inputs contribute to only one process and do not contribute to adjustment opportunities in the other process. Since single-equation LS regression assumes that all inputs can be substituted throughout the production process, its application results in a misspecified empirical model. This paper presents a theoretical framework that motivates the use of Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) estimators to directly approximate such processes. The advantage to using the SUR estimators is that they exploit the related nature of the input decisions so that a more accurate model of the processes can be estimated. The framework is demonstrated with an application to the case of SO2 abatement by coal-fired electricity generating units. The results indicate that these units could efficiently burn more low-BTU, low-sulfur coal to maintain the same electricity output with a lower SO2 emission rate. More generally, this application demonstrates the usefulness of the framework developed here. 相似文献
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Braden Allenby 《环境质量管理》1993,2(3):303-308
Ten years ago, environmental problems were easy to define: The Hudson and Potomac were polluted; Los Angeles had lousy air; some waste dumps were highly toxic. Solutions were also relatively straightforward: the Clean Air Act for dirty airsheds; the Clean Water Act for dirty rivers; the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA, better known as Superfund) for hazardous waste sites. Unfortunately, reality is not quite so neat. We now know that we were seeing—and treating—symptoms, not the disease itself. 相似文献
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John B. Braden Noelwah R. Netusil Richard F Kosobud 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1994,30(5):781-791
ABSTRACT: This paper summarizes key provisions of the Clinton Administration's proposals for change in the Clean Water Act. Two of the important themes for change are tougher controls for non-point source pollution and the use of market-based instruments. A detailed analysis of market-based abatement suggests limited potential for reducing costs. The keys to nonpoint source pollution control are clearer definition of property rights combined with changes in government programs that encourage polluting activities. 相似文献