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The benefits of indigenous knowledge within disaster risk reduction are gradually being acknowledged and identified. However, despite this acknowledgement there continues to be a gap in reaching the right people with the correct strategies for disaster risk reduction.This paper identifies the need for a specific framework identifying how indigenous and western knowledge may be combined to mitigate against the intrinsic effects of environmental processes and therefore reduce the vulnerability of rural indigenous communities in small island developing states (SIDS) to environmental hazards. This involves a review of the impacts of environmental processes and their intrinsic effects upon rural indigenous communities in SIDS and how indigenous knowledge has contributed to their coping capacity. The paper concludes that the vulnerability of indigenous communities in SIDS to environmental hazards can only be addressed through the utilisation of both indigenous and Western knowledge in a culturally compatible and sustainable manner. 相似文献
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Kani Alexander Nti Dovi Evans Mpatani Farid Mzee Aryee Aaron Albert Han Runping Li Zhaohui Qu Lingbo 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2022,20(1):705-729
Environmental Chemistry Letters - The direct discharge of untreated contaminants into global water systems has jeopardized our water security worldwide. This environmental concern has prompted... 相似文献
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Antimicrobial activity of Red Sea corals 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dovi Kelman Yoel Kashman Eugene Rosenberg Ariel Kushmaro Yossi Loya 《Marine Biology》2006,149(2):357-363
Scleractinian corals and alcyonacean soft corals are the two most dominant groups of benthic marine organisms inhabiting the coral reefs of the Gulf of Eilat, northern Red Sea. Antimicrobial assays performed with extracts of six dominant Red Sea stony corals and six dominant soft corals against marine bacteria isolated from the seawater surrounding the corals revealed considerable variability in antimicrobial activity. The results demonstrated that, while the majority (83%) of Red Sea alcyonacean soft corals exhibited appreciable antimicrobial activity against marine bacteria isolated from the seawater surrounding the corals, the stony corals had little or no antimicrobial activity. From the active soft coral species examined, Xenia macrospiculata exhibited the highest and most potent antimicrobial activity. Bioassay-directed fractionation indicated that the antimicrobial activity was due to the presence of a range of compounds of different polarities. One of these antibiotic compounds was isolated and identified as desoxyhavannahine, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 48 μg ml−1 against a marine bacterium. The results of the current study suggest that soft and hard corals have developed different means to combat potential microbial infections. Alcyonacean soft corals use chemical defense through the production of antibiotic compounds to combat microbial attack, whereas stony corals seem to rely on other means. 相似文献
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Ilan Kelman Robin Spence Jason Palmer Marla Petal Keiko Saito 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2008,12(3):105-113
The 26 December 2004 tsunamis around the Indian Ocean exposed the vulnerability of many coastal communities, including those
serving tourists. To draw conclusions regarding disaster risk reduction for tourism in coastal areas, this study surveyed
international tourists who survived the tsunami regarding their perceptions and experiences of the disaster. Semi-structured
interviews were completed between January and June 2005 of 55 primary interviewees who were international tourists in locations
affected by the tsunami. The qualitative data from the interviews yielded commonalities across four main themes with relevance
to disaster risk reduction: information and awareness, warning systems, personal preparation, and livelihoods. Three areas
are suggested as topics to highlight for further investigation: the connections between sustainable tourism and disaster vulnerability,
the role of tourists in disasters, and disaster risk reduction education. 相似文献
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Kelman I 《Disasters》2007,31(3):288-309
Hurricane Katrina struck the United States at the end of August 2005. The consequent devastation appeared to be beyond the US government's ability to cope with and aid was offered by several states in varying degrees of conflict with the US. Hurricane Katrina therefore became a potential case study for 'disaster diplomacy', which examines how disaster-related activities do and do not yield diplomatic gains. A review of past disaster diplomacy work is provided. The literature's case studies are then categorised using a new typology: propinquity, aid relationship, level and purpose. Hurricane Katrina and its aftermath are then placed in the context of the US government's foreign policy, the international response to the disaster and the US government's reaction to these responses. The evidence presented is used to discuss the potential implications of Hurricane Katrina disaster diplomacy, indicating that factors other than disaster-related activities generally dominate diplomatic relations and foreign policy. 相似文献
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The benefits of indigenous knowledge within disaster risk reduction are gradually being acknowledged and identified. However, despite this acknowledgement there continues to be a gap in reaching the right people with the correct strategies for disaster risk reduction. This paper identifies the need for a specific framework identifying how indigenous and western knowledge may be combined to mitigate against the intrinsic effects of environmental processes and therefore reduce the vulnerability of rural indigenous communities in small island developing states (SIDS) to environmental hazards. This involves a review of the impacts of environmental processes and their intrinsic effects upon rural indigenous communities in SIDS and how indigenous knowledge has contributed to their coping capacity. The paper concludes that the vulnerability of indigenous communities in SIDS to environmental hazards can only be addressed through the utilisation of both indigenous and Western knowledge in a culturally compatible and sustainable manner. 相似文献
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The objective of this paper is to investigate and to improve understanding of the causes and circumstances of flood disaster deaths. A standardised method of classifying flood deaths is proposed and the difficulties associated with comparing and assessing existing information on flood deaths are discussed. Thirteen flood cases from Europe and the United States, resulting in 247 flood disaster fatalities, were analysed and taken as indicative of flood disaster deaths. Approximately two-thirds of the deaths occurred through drowning. Thus, a substantial number of flood disaster fatalities are not related to drowning. Furthermore, males are highly vulnerable to dying in floods and unnecessary risk-taking behaviour contributes significantly to flood disaster deaths. Based on these results, recommendations are made to prevent loss of life in floods. To provide a more solid basis for the formulation of prevention strategies, better systematic recording of flood fatalities is suggested, especially those caused by different types of floods in all countries. 相似文献
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Lee Eunjee Livino Angela Han Shin-Chan Zhang Ke Briscoe John Kelman Jerson Moorcroft Paul 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(6):1871-1881
Regional Environmental Change - Over the past 40 years, the discharge in South America’s Paraná River basin has increased despite no evidence of significant rainfall increases... 相似文献