ACF脱除SO2/NOx反应器数学模型的建立

在大量试验研究获得数据基础上,结合机理分析,考虑ACF同时脱除多种污染物的主要影响因素,运用气固催化反应动力学方法进行分析,采用"混合模型法"建立ACF反应器数学模型,并用MATLAB软件与实验数据相结合迭代求取了模型参数,求出了宏观反应速率方程,并将计算模拟值与实验值进行比对,发现模拟结果与实验结果基本吻合,证实了模型的可靠性.为ACF反应器从试验研究的成果放大到工业规模的应用奠定了基础.     

基于响应面法的煤矿钻孔随钻超声成像仪器受力部件优化设计*

摘要:为研制适用于煤矿瓦斯抽采钻孔、满足施工强度要求的小尺寸随钻超声成像仪器，对随钻超声成像仪器的关键受力部位——超声探头安装孔进行优化设计，分析煤矿瓦斯抽采钻孔的一般规格，建立超声探头安装孔的三维模型，确定关键参数类型及其取值范围，采用极差分析法找到对受力部件强度影响较大的参数，基于响应面法开展有限元数值模拟，运用Box-Behnken设计方法得到超声探头安装孔关键参数与仪器受力部件性能指标的关系，优化受力部件关键参数的数值。结果表明:优化前最大的等效应力为138.6 MPa，优化后受力部件最大等效应力较优化前降低9.05%。结论验证了设计方法的有效性，为煤矿抽采钻孔随钻测井仪器的研制提供思路。     

焚烧法和厌氧消化法处理制革污泥中热值、硫、铬的比较

焚烧法和厌氧消化法都是利用制革污泥中热量的有效方法。比较两种方法所产生的热量,以及污泥处理过程中向大气排放的硫和铬,同时对铬的迁移作了初步的讨论。试验表明:焚烧法产生的热量多于厌氧消化方法,而厌氧消化方法中硫以及重金属铬的排放量明显小于焚烧法。     

吉林省辽河流域生态系统服务价值对LUCC的响应分析

基于1989年和2012年Landsat TM/ETM遥感影像解译数据研究了吉林省辽河流域土地利用变化特征,应用Constanza生态系统服务价值计算方法,估算了23a间研究区生态系统服务价值,分析土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响.研究结果表明,1989—2012年辽河流域土地利用/植被覆盖发生了大幅变化,耕地、居民用地分别增加20.28%和7.09%,其增加值主要来自林地、草地、水域和湿地;生态系统服务价值整体呈下降的趋势,由125.30亿元降至114.41亿元,损失10.89亿元,动态度为-0.38%;其中双辽市损失最为严重,损失率达21.41%;耕地的开发导致湿地和水域退化,是生态系统服务价值下降的主要因素.     

Bioinspired cellulose-based membranes in oily wastewater treatment

• Cellulose-based membrane separates oily wastewater mimicking the living things. • The three central surface mechanisms were reviewed. • Preparation, performance, and mechanism are critically evaluated. • First review of wettability based cellulose membrane as major material. • The current and future importance of the research are discussed. It is challenging to purify oily wastewater, which affects water-energy-food production. One promising method is membrane-based separation. This paper reviews the current research trend of applying cellulose as a membrane material that mimics one of three typical biostructures: superhydrophobic, underwater superoleophobic, and Janus surfaces. Nature has provided efficient and effective structures through the evolutionary process. This has inspired many researchers to create technologies that mimic nature’s structures or the fabrication process. Lotus leaves, fish scales, and Namib beetles are three representative structures with distinct functional and surface properties: superhydrophobic, underwater superoleophobic, and Janus surfaces. The characteristics of these structures have been widely studied and applied to membrane materials to improve their performance. One attractive membrane material is cellulose, which has been studied from the perspective of its biodegradability and sustainability. In this review, the principles, mechanisms, fabrication processes, and membrane performances are summarized and compared. The theory of wettability is also described to build a comprehensive understanding of the concept. Finally, future outlook is discussed to challenge the gap between laboratory and industrial applications.     

生物沥滤-焚烧法处理制革污泥中铬迁移转化研究

采用生物沥滤-焚烧方法,先将制革污泥中大部分难溶的有毒重金属——铬从固相溶出转移至液相,之后将沥滤后制革污泥进行有效的固液两相分离,并对分离后的固相污泥进行焚烧处理实验,研究生物沥滤-焚烧处理法对制革污泥中的总Cr在不同介质中的浓度影响。结果表明,生物沥滤法处理制革污泥后,以金属离子交换形态存在的总Cr含量增加,其中68.56%的总Cr6+和87.70%的总Cr得以去除,去除效果十分明显;将沥滤脱水后的污泥进行焚烧处理,以残渣态形式存在的总Cr相对含量变大,迁移能力减弱;铬在高温下与其他重金属元素形成复杂的金属化合物及络合物:Cr1.3Fe0.7O0.5、Na4(CrO4)(SO4)、Ca5(CrO4)3O0.5,有助于今后进一步对整个生物沥滤-焚烧处理过程进行反应机理研究。