粉煤灰基混凝剂制备及处理印钞废水研究

将粉煤灰经过超细球磨后再采用微波处理，用于制备粉煤灰基混凝剂。结果表明，超细和微波处理能明显增加混凝剂的产率和性能。通过正交实验确定了去除印钞废水中浊度的粉煤灰基混凝剂的最佳制备工艺条件：粉煤灰/酸比为1∶4（w/v），粉煤灰/碱比为1∶3（w/v），熟化温度为40℃。当投加量为5 mL/100 mL时，粉煤灰基混凝剂对印钞废水处理的浊度去除率为98.37％。对粉煤灰基混凝剂的混凝机理进行了分析。     

Synthesis and applications of carbon quantum dots derived from biomass waste: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - In the context of the circular economy and decreasing earth resources, waste should be converted into value-added materials such as carbon quantum dots, which are...     

烟气脱硫及硫资源化新工艺

介绍了资源化法烟气脱硫技术的工艺原理和工艺流程.相关试验表明,资源化法烟气脱硫技术具有脱硫效率高、设备投资省、运行费用低、可靠性高、操作简便、实现硫资源的回收利用等优点.     

SBR工艺数学模型研究进展及其应用

SBR法具有操作简单、运行方式灵活、占地面积小等优点，用于处理间歇排放的工业废水及中小城镇污水取得了巨大成功，并在全世界范围内迅速得到发展和推广应用。随着自控技术的飞速发展和对SBR工艺机理的深入认识，围绕SBR工艺数学模型的研究引起各国学者的重视。回顾了目前SBR法数学模型的研究进展和应用现状，并总结和比较了各种数学模型的优势和不足，特别是对机理模型（白箱模型）和统计模型（黑箱模型）进行了分类、归纳和分析。所有这些数学模型建模与仿真的目的都是为了实现SBR工艺优化控制，为实际SBR污水处理厂的运行提供依据和技术支持。虽然以前的研究有力地推动了数学模型在SBR工艺中的应用，但是在实际应用中还存在很多值得深入研究的问题。最后对SBR工艺数学模型尚待解决的问题进行了总结，并指出今后SBR数学模型的发展方向。     

Antimicrobial activities of flavonoids against bamboo-destroying fungi and molds

It is well-known that Poria vaporaria (Pers.:Fr.) Cooke, Paecilomyces variotii Bainier and Aspergillus niger are fungi and molds which destroy bamboo. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of antibacterial activity of 16 flavonoids in preventing the actions of these three bamboo-destroying fungi and molds (Poria vaporaria (Pers.:Fr.) Cooke, Paecilomyces variotii Bainier and Aspergillus niger). The results showed that baicalein(1) exerted the highest inhibitory effect on Poria vaporaria (Pers.:Fr.) Cooke and Paecilomyces variotii Bainier indicating that baicalein(1) may be considered as a potential agent to develop as natural bactericide to preserve natural bamboo.     

The combined effects of biomass and temperature on maximum specific ammonia oxidation rate in domestic wastewater treatment

• Actual SAORs was determined using MLVSS and temperature. • Measured SAOR decreased with increasing MLVSS 1.1‒8.7 g/L. • Temperature coefficient (θ) decreased with increasing MLVSS. • Nitrification process was dynamically simulated based on laboratory-scale SBR tests. • A modified model was successfully validated in pilot-scale SBR systems. Measurement and predicted variations of ammonia oxidation rate (AOR) are critical for the optimization of biological nitrogen removal, however, it is difficult to predict accurate AOR based on current models. In this study, a modified model was developed to predict AOR based on laboratory-scale tests and verified through pilot-scale tests. In biological nitrogen removal reactors, the specific ammonia oxidation rate (SAOR) was affected by both mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) concentration and temperature. When MLVSS increased 1.6, 4.2, and 7.1-fold (1.3‒8.9 g/L, at 20°C), the measured SAOR decreased by 21%, 49%, and 56%, respectively. Thereby, the estimated SAOR was suggested to modify when MLVSS changed through a power equation fitting. In addition, temperature coefficient (θ) was modified based on MLVSS concentration. These results suggested that the prediction of variations ammonia oxidation rate in real wastewater treatment system could be more accurate when considering the effect of MLVSS variations on SAOR.     

中试SBR长期运行中粘性膨胀现象及原因分析

通过对SBR中型试验系统长期(200d)处理实际生活污水过程中的污泥膨胀现象进行考察,研究了温度、污泥中胞外聚合物(EPS)含量、污泥负荷及DO浓度与污泥膨胀现象之间的内在联系.试验结果表明,系统污泥膨胀属于粘性膨胀,是一种在低温(16℃以下)条件下容易发生的污泥膨胀现象,且这种膨胀会导致污泥流失并致使系统混合液污泥浓度(MLSS)逐渐降低至1200mg·L-1.粘性膨胀污泥分泌的EPS水平超过正常污泥,即使在正常DO浓度(2.0mg·L-1)和常温(20℃)条件下,粘性膨胀污泥也较难通过人为控制恢复到正常状态.最后,分析得出粘性膨胀的原因主要是温度突变,并提出相应的预防措施.     

不同海拔珠芽蓼抗氧化系统的研究

对生长在青藏高原不同海拔地区的多年生高山植物珠芽蓼(Polygonum viviparum L.)的抗氧化系统进行了测试，以探讨高山植物对于高寒环境的适应机理。结果表明：随着海拔的升高，叶绿素a(chla)、叶绿素b(chlb)含量明显下降，chla／chlb增大，珠芽蓼叶和根细胞的膜脂过氧化均加剧，丙二醛(MDA)含量明显增加。3种抗氧化酶的活性受到明显影响，其中叶片中过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性，随海拔升高而活性降低，而均与根中的变化趋势相反，过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性随海拔升高呈增强的趋势，且叶片中活性较根中变化明显，抗坏血酸(AsA)随海拔的升高，含量呈明显增加，膜脂过氧化与抗氧化物酶的变化具有不一致性，这可能表明两种抗氧化系统之间存在一定的协同作用，特别是高含量的抗坏血酸，可能在高山植物适应高寒环境的胁迫方面具有更加重要的作用。图5表1参22。     

Adsorption and mechanistic study of the invasive plant-derived biochar functionalized with CaAl-LDH for Eu(III) in water

Herein, we developed the invasive plant-derived biochar (IPB) functionalized with CaAl-LDH at five mass ratios using a physical mixture method, assessed their adsorption perform for Eu(III), and explored the relative mechanisms. Results show that the IPB successfully loaded CaAl-LDH in five composites and their Eu(III) sorption affinities were strongly affected by solution pH, contact time, temperature, and the mass ratio of LDH and IPB. All the sorpiton process for Eu(III) occurred on the heterogeneous surface of five composites and the boundary layer diffusion limited the chemical sorption rate. Interestingly, the CaAl-LDH/IPB composite with high ratio of IPB had higher sorption capacity than the one with high ratio of LDH due to larger porosity of the former. Three mechanisms containing ion exchange between Al and Eu ions, surface complexation with carboxyl- and oxygen-containing functional groups, and precipitation were involved in the Eu(III) sorption, but the dominant sorption mechanism for each CaAl-LDH/IPB composite differed with different mass ratio of CaAl-LDH and IPB. In composite with more IPB (e.g., CaAl-LDH/IPB-13), both ion exchange and surface complexes dominated the sorption process and the intensity of Eu³⁺ was identified with the one of Eu₂O_3. Whereas in composites with high LDH, ion exchange dominated the sorption and the intensity of Eu³⁺ was obviously higher than the one of Eu₂O₃. This research will provide a new perspective for the application of the LDH/biochar materials.     

SBR工艺实时控制策略研究进展

随着工艺设备、自动化控制技术的快速发展,SBR工艺对设备稳定性和自动化控制技术水平的基本要求得到满足,SBR工艺在世界范围内得到广泛发展和应用并取得了巨大的成功.现今全世界绝大多数的SBR污水处理厂都实现了最简单的自动控制(定时开/关控制或PID控制),但定时自动控制存在很大的缺陷.很多研究者开始尝试利用各种控制技术建立SBR实时控制策略.本文回顾了目前SBR实时控制策略的最新研究进展和实际应用,并对各种实时控制策略的优缺点进行分类、归纳和总结.虽然实时控制策略在SBR工艺的优化控制和节能降耗方面具有明显的优势,但在实际应用过程中还是存在很多问题尚待解决.最后通过分析SBR实时控制策略普遍存在的不足和问题,指出今后SBR实时控制策略的发展方向和应用前景.