云南白秧坪多金属成矿区构造特征及其控矿作用

通过区域地质构造、矿区构造特征分析 ,论述了云南白秧坪多金属成矿区东矿带、西矿带的主要地质构造特征及其构造控矿作用 ,并探讨了区域构造导矿与成矿及其对成矿带的控制作用、小型褶皱及推覆构造对矿床的控制作用、次级断裂对矿体的控制作用、构造环境下岩石的屏蔽与容矿作用和构造环境中碳质来源及其成矿作用等问题     

南昌台气氡异常核实

前兆观测资料异常产生的原因总体可分为两大类:观测物理量自身变化和外部因素影响,后者即通常所称的干扰.要提取出观测资料中有价值的震兆信息,必须首先将干扰剔除,但由于前兆干扰成因本身具有复杂性和多样性,并随不同测项、不同环境而存在个体差异,故要求异常核实工作深入、细致、全面、客观.本文通过一个实例,详细介绍了异常核实的思路和流程,并确定此次异常为仪器干扰,不属于震兆异常.     

毛细管色谱-多离子检测质谱法测定土壤中2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二噁(2,3,7,8-TCDD)

环境中的多氯二苯并二(口恶)(口英)(PCDD_s)和多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDF_s)是当今最受重视的污染物之一,其中PCDD_s有75个异构体而PCDF_s有135个异构体,它们的毒性大小显著地依赖于氯原子的取代数和取代位置,由于这类污染物的低溶解度和高的辛醇/水分配系数,主要分布在土壤(85％)和沉积物(14％)中,只有1％进入空气、水和生物体.在自然环境中这类污染物代谢降解速度缓慢,从而增加了环境污染的复杂性.而鉴别这类污染物就成为一个主要研究课题.     

自然灾害变动的集成预测模型及其应用

本文提出了以非线性回归拟合发展趋势、正弦函数逼近周期变动和马尔可夫链刻划随机扰动的集成预测模型，并应用于山东省农业自然灾害成灾面积的变动规律模拟，得到了较好的预测效果。理论和实践表明，集成预测模型优于传统的单模型预测，为预测具有复杂机制的自然灾害演变提供了一种新方法。     

Fe-Ce/GAC催化臭氧降解高浓度腐殖酸废水

采用浸渍焙烧法制备了Fe-Ce/GAC催化剂,并用于催化臭氧降解模拟高浓度腐殖酸废水.以废水COD、腐殖酸浓度为考察指标,研究了Fe-Ce/GAC催化剂的前驱体无机铁盐种类、焙烧温度、铁盐浓度、助剂稀土元素种类及浓度、分散剂硝酸钾浓度等不同制备条件对催化臭氧降解腐殖酸的效果.试验表明,在腐殖酸浓度为3.00 g·L~(-1)、pH值约8.0、温度为25℃、臭氧投量为1.24 g·h~(-1),反应40 min后COD、腐殖酸去除率仅为17.1%、43.0%;添加以2.0%硝酸铁、1.5%硝酸铈、1.0%硝酸钾溶液浸渍,经350℃焙烧3 h后制备的Fe-Ce/GAC催化剂,可使COD、腐殖酸去除率分别提高40.3%、31.8%.且Fe-Ce/GAC催化剂具有较好的稳定性,重复使用5次后,COD、腐殖酸去除率仅小幅降低了4.2%、9.1%.SEM图象显示活性炭经改性后,比表面积明显增大,有利于活性物质的负载;EDS分析表明催化剂负载了大量的Fe、Ce等金属物质;XRD图谱显示催化剂含有Fe_2O_3、CeO_2等多种活性物质.Fe-Ce/GAC催化臭氧的机理可解释为:活性成分氧化铁在催化过程中生成的羟基氧化铁会促进羟基自由基的生成,而铈元素在催化过程中不仅会提高催化剂的活性,而且生成的化学吸附氧可促进对有机物的吸附及氧化.     

发展中国家灾害经济的特点、成因及对策

发展中国家人口众多，经济技术落后，酱稀缺，抗灾能力低，防灾意识不强，加多不合理经济活动对环境的过度干预以及发达国家转嫁环境灾害和社会危机，致使发展中国家产生灾害的潜在因素日益增加，灾害的成灾损失越来越严重，灾害对经济发展的影响与经济因素对灾害的影响都在日益加深，形成恶性循环。本文从经济学角度提出了防灾减灾就采取的主要对策。     

人工湿地处理城市污水效能的影响因素分析

为解决人工湿地占地面积大、处理效率低、容易堵塞,往往需要间歇运行等问题,通过对传统的人工湿地进行改造,设计一套新型人工湿地床系统——折流式湿地床 侧流式湿地床,并通过试验对其处理城市污水的运行效能的影响因素进行了研究.研究结果表明,降雨、蒸腾和蒸发、温度、植物收割及堵塞作用对人工湿地运行有不同程度的影响,人工湿地受降雨因素的影响,其出水COD值比降雨前低,同时较人工湿地由于降雨作用所导致的COD稀释浓度高2.4～5.7 mg/L,而降雨使出水SS比降雨前高5.0～7.2 mg/L;堵塞缩短了折流湿地床的运行周期及降低了COD的去除,水力负荷为102.87 cm/d时,运行周期为20 d,水头损失由5.2 cm增至14.8 cm,COD去除率由84.35%降至21.19%;水力负荷为137.16 cm/d时,运行周期为16 d,水头损失由5.0 cm增至15.0 cm,COD去除率由81.26%降至7.35%.     

2014年-2020年江苏省城镇化的边际资源环境影响预测分析研究

利用历史数据,选取合适计算模型,定量预测了2014年-2020年江苏省城镇化边际资源环境影响,即以与城镇化发展密切相关的资源使用量或者城镇生活污染物排放量较上一年的增量,除以当年城镇化率增量,得到江苏省城镇化水平每提高一个百分点带来的资源环境影响,以期为江苏环境管理及政府综合决策提供切实有效的数据依据.结果表明:未来7年,江苏省城镇化率每上升1个百分点,增加城镇生活用水量约0.5亿立方米、城镇建设用地面积16万亩;增加城镇生活污水排放量1.15亿吨、生活氮氧化物排放量10 228吨、生活垃圾产生量36.4万吨;减少生活COD排放量7 549吨、生活氨氮排放量762吨、生活二氧化硫(SO2)排放量371吨.     

Novel eco-friendly spherical porous adsorbent fabricated from Pickering middle internal phase emulsions for removal of Pb(II) and Cd (II)

Spherical porous materials prepared from the emulsion template used in the water treat-ment have displayed a vast prospect,as the high surface area,abundant porous structure,convenient operation and excellent adsorption performance.But the tedious fabrication process,high consumption of organic solvent and surfactant limited the application widely.Herein,a facile and eco-friendly spherical porous adsorbent (SPA) is fabricated from the green surfactant-free (corn oil)-in-water Pickering medium internal phase emulsions (Pick-ering MIPEs) via the convenient ion crosslinking procedure.The Pickering MIPEs synergis-tically stabilized with the semi-coke (SC),which is the natural particle produced from the shale oil distillation,and sodium alginate (SA) has excellent storage and anti-coalescence stability.The as-prepared porous adsorbent possessed the abundant pore structure,which provided favorable conditions for effective mass transfer in adsorption,and could be tuned by varying the SA dosage.The saturation adsorption capacities of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) can be achieved with 460.54 and 278.77 mg/g within 45 min at 25℃,respectively.Overall,this study supplied a viable and eco-friendly route for fabricating the spherical porous adsorbent with a tunable porous structure for heavy metal ion wastewater.     

Detection of dicofol and related pesticides in human breast milk from China, Korea and Japan

Previously, we demonstrated that the concentrations of DDTs were greater in breast milk collected from Chinese mothers than from Japanese and Korean mothers. To investigate dicofol as a possible source of the DDTs in human breast milk, we collected breast milk samples from 2007 to 2009 in China (Beijing), Korea (Seoul, Busan) and Japan (Sendai, Takarazuka and Takayama). Using these breast milk samples, we quantified the concentrations of dichlorobenzophenone, a pyrolysis product of dicofol (simply referred to as dicofol hereafter), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs) using GC-MS. Overall, 12 of 14 pooled breast milk samples from 210 mothers contained detectable levels of dicofol (>0.1 ng g⁻¹ lipid). The geometric mean concentration of dicofol in the Japanese breast milk samples was 0.3 ng g⁻¹ lipid and significantly lower than that in Chinese (9.6 ng g⁻¹ lipid) or Korean breast milk samples (1.9 ng g⁻¹ lipid) (p < 0.05 for each). Furthermore, the ΣDDT levels in breast milk from China were 10-fold higher than those from Korea and Japan. The present results strongly suggest the presence of extensive emission sources of both dicofol and DDTs in China. However, exposure to dicofol cannot explain the large exposure of Chinese mothers to DDTs because of the trace levels of dicofol in the ΣDDTs. In the present study, dicofol was confirmed to be detectable in human breast milk. This is the first report to identify dicofol in human samples.