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The preference of the hermit crab, Calcinus
californiensis, among six species of shells, was tested by two different experiments. The first experiment used pair-wise trials, analyzing
the preference by Chi-square tests using two different constructions of the null hypothesis. One hypothesis was based on a
no-preference among shell species, the second on comparing the number of crabs changing for a particular shell species when
two options were given versus the changing when no options were offered. The second experiment was a multiple-alternative
test based on a rank ordering of the shell preference. This method has both statistical and resource-saving advantages over
the traditional pair-wise comparisons. The sequence of shell preference was similarly independent of the procedure used. The
preferred shell species are heavy and might be associated with hydrodynamic advantages and with the protection against predation.
The shell preference matches with the pattern of shell occupancy indicating that the shell use in nature is determined by
the crab’s preference. The information generated may be used for further research on shell preference as a methodological
alternative. 相似文献
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Kabir Md. Tanvir Ferdous Mitu Jannatul Akter Raushanara Akhtar Muhammad Furqan Saleem Ammara Al-Harrasi Ahmed Bhatia Saurabh Rahman Md. Sohanur Damiri Fouad Berrada Mohammed Rahman Md. Habibur 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(31):46385-46404
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Diabetes is a global health concern that has affected almost 415 million people globally. Bromocriptine is a dopamine D2 agonist, which is a Food and... 相似文献
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Mycotoxins are harmful substances produced by fungi in several commodities with a widespread presence in foodstuffs. Human exposure to mycotoxins occurs mainly by contaminated food. The quantitation of mycotoxins in cereal-based food, highly consumed by different age population, is of concern. In this survey, 159 cereal-based samples classified as wheat, maize and rice-based, have been evaluated for the occurrence of patulin, deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, fusarenon-X, diacetoxyscirpenol, nivalenol, neosolaniol, HT-2, T-2 and zearalenone by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Intakes were calculated for average consumers among adults, children and infants and compared with the tolerable daily intakes (TDI). Data obtained were used to estimate the potential exposure levels. 65.4% of the samples were contaminated with at least one mycotoxin and 15.7% of the analyzed samples showed co-occurrence of mycotoxin. The dietary exposure to HT-2 and T-2 toxins was estimated as 0.010 and 0.086 μg kg−1 bw d−1, amounting to 10% and 86% of the TDI, for adults and infants respectively. These results back up the necessity to take a vigilant attitude in order to minimize human intake of mycotoxins. 相似文献
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Jacqueline Dubroca Nadine Collignon Agathe Brault Guillermina Hernandez-Raquet Dominique Patureau Christian Mougin 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2009,7(4):369-373
Biosolids spread onto agricultural soils are potential sources of steroidal hormones that are able to adversely affect the
soil ecosystem. Here we studied the fate of the [4-14C]-17-β-estradiol hormone in laboratory experiments. First, our results show that only 2.9% of the hormone was mineralized
in the soil from a French vineyard. By contrast, the mineralization increased to 7.1% when the hormone was provided in composted
biosolids. Second, we found that only a minor part of the estradiol-derived 14C was mobile and partly transferred to soil leachates. Indeed, the hormone was mainly stabilized in the soil as non-extractable
residues. Overall, our findings show that estradiol undergoes two main processes, complete degradation and stabilisation.
We therefore conclude that the environmental risk of hormones provided to the soil through composted biosolids is negligible
under the conditions of our experiments. 相似文献
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Earthworms highly increase ciprofloxacin mineralization in soils 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Christian Mougin Nathalie Cheviron Cédric Repincay Mickael Hedde Guillermina Hernandez-Raquet 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2013,11(2):127-133
This report shows that earthworms increase up to eight times the mineralization of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin in soils. Antibiotics are extensively used and disseminated in environmental compartments. Antibiotics may enter food chains and thus induce resistance in environmental and human commensal bacteria. The antibiotic ciprofloxacin is suspected to induce significant adverse effects on soil microbial processes, with possible consequences on soil functions. Nevertheless, little is known concerning the fate of ciprofloxacin in soils. Here, we studied the mineralization and distribution of the [2-14C]-ciprofloxacin in soil–plant–water systems where ciprofloxacin was applied by amendment of spiked pig slurry. Results show that a very weak microbial mineralization of the antibiotic, lower than 0.01 %, occurred after 84 days of incubation. By contrast, the addition of earthworms increased from 5 to 8 times ciprofloxacin mineralization during the following 84 days incubation. In addition, earthworm activity induced the transfer of 40 % of radioactive compounds from the upper to the lower layer of soil, modifying the distribution of the antibiotic within the soil profile. We conclude that earthworms can be used efficiently to mineralize ciprofloxacin and modify its distribution in soils. As a consequence, earthworms change the exposure of soil organisms to ciprofloxacin, and, in turn, the eco-toxicological impact of the antibiotic. 相似文献
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