江西省陆地生态系统氮平衡的时空分布规律研究

利用系统物质平衡模型,对1995-2005年江西省陆地生态系统的N收支平衡进行了核算,并分析了不同来源N收支量的时间序列特征以及N盈余强度的空间分布特征,探讨了自然灾害和政策实施对N平衡的影响.结果表明:江西省陆地生态系统的N输入量变化范围是(155.5-184.2)×107kg·a-1,平均值为168.5 ×107 ...     

Species identification and mutation breeding of silicon-activating bacteria isolated from electrolytic manganese residue

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A strain of silicon-activating bacteria was isolated from electrolytic manganese residue (EMR); identified as a species of Ochrobactrum by integrated...     

覆盖法控制城市河涌底泥磷释放研究

建立了一套包含有城市河涌底泥、覆盖材料及上覆水的小试装置,采用粉煤灰、水泥、沸石、河砂、玻璃珠等不同物质作为覆盖材料,在厌氧条件下,覆盖材料对城市河涌底泥磷释放的控制效果进行了研究.结果表明,在培养温度为25℃,覆盖材料用量为6.0kg·m-2时,玻璃珠、河砂、沸石、粉煤灰、水泥对PO43-释放的抑制率分别为40.0%、46.7%、60.0%、75.6%、88 9%;覆盖材料对PO43-的抑制作用可归结为覆盖材料的覆盖效应、化学效应和吸附效应;覆盖材料对PO43-释放的抑制率均随着温度的升高而降低;覆盖材料用量对PO43-抑制率影响较大,对于水泥、粉煤灰、沸石、河砂,要达到约50%的PO43-释放抑制率,其用量分别为2.0、2.0、6.0、10.0 kg·m-2,选用粉煤灰作为覆盖材料较合适;从重金属毒理学方面讲,覆盖材料不会对底泥及区域土壤造成影响.     

Comprehensive study on parameter sensitivity for flow and nutrient modeling in the Hydrological Simulation Program Fortran model

Numerous parameters are used to construct the HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program Fortran) model, which results in significant difficulty in calibrating the model. Parameter sensitivity analysis is an efficient method to identify important model parameters. Through this method, a model’s calibration process can be simplified on the basis of understanding the model’s structure. This study investigated the sensitivity of the flow and nutrient parameters of HSPF using the DSA (differential sensitivity analysis) method in the Xitiaoxi watershed, China. The results showed that flow was mostly affected by parameters related to groundwater and evapotranspiration, including DEEPFR (fraction of groundwater inflow to deep recharge), LZETP (lower-zone evapotranspiration parameter), and AGWRC (base groundwater recession), and most of the sensitive parameters had negative and nonlinear effects on flow. Additionally, nutrient components were commonly affected by parameters from land processes, including MON-SQOLIM (monthly values limiting storage of water quality in overland flow), MON-ACCUM (monthly values of accumulation), MON-IFLW-CONC (monthly concentration of water quality in interflow), and MON-GRND-CONC (monthly concentration of water quality in active groundwater). Besides, parameters from river systems, KATM20 (unit oxidation rate of total ammonia at 20 °C) had a negative and almost linear effect on ammonia concentration and MALGR (maximal unit algal growth rate for phytoplankton) had a negative and nonlinear effect on ammonia and orthophosphate concentrations. After calibrating these sensitive parameters, our model performed well for simulating flow and nutrient outputs, with R ² and E_NS (Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency) both greater than 0.75 for flow and greater than 0.5 for nutrient components. This study is expected to serve as a valuable complement to the documentation of the HSPF model to help users identify key parameters and provide a reference for performing sensitivity analyses on other models.     

电渗析法处理含铬废水的研究

建立了一套电渗析法处理电解锰厂铬钝化清洗废水的小试装置,以某电解锰厂铬钝化清洗废水为处理对象,通过实验确定了电渗析法的极限电流密度,研究了电压、进水流量、进水浓度、浓水循环等参数对电渗析处理工艺出水水质的影响。结果表明,该电渗析装置的极限电流为0.41 A,极限电流密度为1.33mA/cm2;最佳操作电压20 V,适宜的进水流量20 L/h,进水浓度对淡水水质影响不大;采用浓水循环工艺,淡水产率可提高至约80%,浓室总铬、锰离子质量浓度超过4 000 mg/L,为浓水的后续处理处置创造了条件。     

大溪水库浮游植物群落结构特征及营养状态评价

在2015—2017年以月频率对大溪水库浮游植物群落结构及水体理化性质进行调查分析,以期为深入理解亚热带水库生态系统结构及功能提供理论依据,并为大溪水库及其同类型水体的生态保护提供基础数据.结果表明,调查期间大溪水库水质相关指标基本达到《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838—2002）Ⅱ~Ш类标准,综合富营养化指数范围为37~54,基本处于中营养状态（除2017年9月及10月）,浮游植物多样性及均匀度指数指示水体处于较为清洁的环境.2015—2017年,大溪水库共检出浮游植物7门57种,其中绿藻门种类最多,检出24种,其次是蓝藻门;且浮游植物群落中主要以蓝藻门、绿藻门及硅藻门种类占优;浮游植物群落结构季节变化有明显的规律,为硅藻门（春季）-蓝、绿藻门（夏、秋季）-硅藻门（冬季）;物种丰度及生物量变化趋势为夏季高冬季低,丰度为339.87×10⁴~33075.99×10⁴ cells·L^-1,生物量为2.41~40.45 mg·L^-1.浮游植物生物量与环境因子之间的冗余分析及Pearson相关分析结果均表明,大溪水库浮游植物群落结构变化受温度影响较大.综上,在北亚热带地区低营养水平的水库中,温度可能是影响浮游植物群落结构的关键因素.     

锰电解行业铬钝化剂回收利用技术研究

以某电解锰工艺末端铬钝化废水为研究对象,采用氧化、除杂、反应制得成品,污水达标处理及回用的组合工艺,制备达到国家标准的中铬黄产品,以实现铬的回收利用。结果表明:对于H2O2氧化工艺,选用V(水样)/V(30%H2O2)为(600～1000):1;可采取加碱沉淀Mn的工艺去除杂质金属离子;铬酸铅的生成反应适宜温度为55～60℃,硝酸铅投加量为理论值的1.05倍～1.10倍;采取加石灰调pH、投加硫酸铝的方法可去除水样中剩余铅离子,V(上清液)/V(5%硫酸铝溶液)为1000～2000较合适;生产该产品基本上能够做到保本、微利,但具有显著的环境效益和社会效益。     

Estimation of ammonia nitrogen load from nonpoint sources in the Xitiao River catchment, China

Ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) is one of the three main forms of total nitrogen (TN). Most studies have estimated the load of TN from nonpoint sources instead of one specific form. The relationship between land use and concentrations of NH4+-N in runoff was analyzed using the hydraulic analysis functions of a Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and the annual loads of NH4+-N in the Xitiao River catchment were estimated according to model results. The results suggested that the calculated annual loads of NH4+-N...     

超高浓度抗生素废水预处理试验

采取絮凝→芽孢杆菌生物降解(缺氧水解)→再絮凝→Fenton试剂氧化的流程对COD_(Cr)50000mg/L以上超高浓度抗生素废水进行了预处理实验研究。其中各阶段的COD_(Cr)去除率为30.31%、27.01%、32.88%、33.82%。通过预处理可使废水COD_(Cr)从50000mg/L以上下降到10000mg/L左右,有利于下一步的常规生化处理。本试验为超高浓度抗生素废水的预处理提供了实验数据。