Phosphate recovery with granular acid-activated neutralized red mud: Fixed-bed column performance and breakthrough curve modelling

Granular acid-activated neutralized red mud (AaN-RM) has been successfully prepared with good chemical stability and physical strength. However, its potential for industrial application remains unknown. Therefore, the performance of granular AaN-RM for phosphate recovery in a fixed-bed column was investigated. The results demonstrated that the phosphate adsorption performance of granular AaN-RM in a fixed-bed column was affected by various operational parameters, such as the bed depth, flow rate, initial solution pH and initial phosphate concentration. With the optimal empty-bed contact time (EBCT) of 24.27 min, the number of processed bed volumes and the phosphate adsorption capacity reached 496.95 and 84.80 mg/g, respectively. Then, the saturated fixed-bed column could be effectively regenerated with a 0.5 mol/L HCl solution. The desorption efficiency remained as high as 83.45% with a low weight loss of 3.57% in the fifth regeneration cycle. In addition, breakthrough curve modelling showed that a 5-9-1 feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN) could be effectively applied for the optimization of the fixed-bed adsorption system; the coefficient of determination (R²) and the root mean square error (RMSE) evaluated on the validation-testing data were 0.9987 and 0.0183, respectively. Therefore, granular AaN-RM fixed-bed adsorption exhibits promising potential for phosphate removal and recovery from polluted water.     

埋地钢质输水管道的内外防腐选择

本文通过目前比较常见的几种内外防腐方式及材料的性能和优缺点 ,对埋地钢质输水管道的防腐选择提供了参考意见     

土壤中农药污染的植物—微生物联合修复

分析了受农药污染的土壤生物修复中植物所起的作用，认为选取适当的植物对帮助微生物降解农药效果更好，并探讨了影响联合修复技术的制因素，对此技术的发展和完善提出了建议。     

洗涤法处理含油土壤的研究

研究了用洗涤法处理含油土壤，考察了洗涤剂种类与浓度、洗涤温度、液固比、洗涤时间、表面活性剂、洗涤液直接循环使用次数对洗涤效果的影响，结果表明：当混合减浓度为10000mg／L、洗涤温度为70℃、液固比2：1、洗涤时间20min时，可将含油量为30％的土壤洗至残油率仅为0．3％左右。OP、EL型表面活性剂的加入对洗涤效果没有改善，特别有意义的是洗涤液能够直接循环使用而对洗涤效果基本无影响，这不仅能够减少用水量，还可以大大减少废水的排放量，降低操作费用及废水处理费用。该洗涤法不涉及物质的相变过程，混合碱由廉价的无机碱和无机盐组成，故能量消耗低，处理费用也低，且洗脱下来的原油可回收。     

磁性生物炭负载Mg-Fe水滑石的制备及其吸附水中Cd（Ⅱ）和Ni（Ⅱ）的性能

合成了一种高吸附容量的磁性生物炭负载Mg-Fe水滑石复合材料（L-BC）,并用于去除水中的Cd²⁺和Ni²⁺。表征结果表明,采用浸渍联合热解法成功制备了磁性生物炭（M-BC）,水热合成法成功地将Mg-Fe水滑石负载在M-BC上。动力学研究结果表明,Cd²⁺和Ni²⁺吸附符合伪二级动力学模型,化学吸附为速率控制步骤。等温吸附研究结果表明,L-BC对Cd²⁺和Ni²⁺的吸附符合Langmuir模型,为单分子层化学吸附,最大吸附量分别为263.156 mg/g和43.291 mg/g。吸附机理主要为Mg-Fe水滑石层间CO₃^2-和表面羟基与Cd²⁺和Ni²⁺产生表面共沉淀。L-BC具有良好的吸附和重复利用性能,是一种很有前景的去除Cd²⁺和Ni²⁺的吸附材料。     

后处理设施给水系统可靠性的GO法研究

后处理设施给水系统是后处理设施重要的公用系统,对后处理设施的稳定、安全运行至关重要.给水系统的可靠性需要深入分析,应用GO法进行了研究.获得了给水系统的平均故障概率、最小割集、重要度等可靠性指标.结果表明,给水系统的可靠性比较高,符合单一故障准则,二阶最小割集对系统故障的贡献最大,应该采取措施予以消除.进一步深入对比分析GO法与故障树法,结果显示,对于给水系统的可靠性分析,GO法有建模容易且图形简洁的优点.     

Identification of cadmium-induced genes in maize seedlings by suppression subtractive hybridization

A maize variety, Huatian-1, had an unusually low translocation rate of cadmium (Cd) (59.6 mg°kg⁻¹ in the roots and 0.093 mg°kg⁻¹ in the grain) compared to 24 other varieties while being grown in soils with 16.50 mg°kg⁻¹ Cd. This indicates that this particular species may have special mechanisms that affect the absorption and translocation pattern of Cd. In this paper, the technique of suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was used to isolate and identify Cd-induced genes from Huatian-1 hydroponically exposed to 0.1mM CdCl₂ for 1 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h. We found a total of 15 differentially expressed genes in the four groups; 2, 3, 4, and 6 genes were from the groups of 1 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h treatment, respectively. Phospholipase PLDb1 mRNA, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) phosphoribosyl transferase 2, and Sp17 were turned on in the maize in response to Cd stress, and it might provide new clues to explain the mechanism of maize tolerance to Cd.     

膜基活化溶液中活化剂在回收温室气体CO2过程中的作用

将AMP和PZ作为活化剂添加于MDEA溶液中,形成活化溶液,研究了膜基活化溶液回收温室气体CO2性能,着重考察活化剂的活化作用和对膜接触器传质加强的影响,提出一个活化机理来解释活化现象,建立了阻力层方程模型,并模拟膜基活化溶液回收CO2的传质过程。结果表明,活化剂对膜接触器传质的加强起到重要作用,具有双氨基环状结构的PZ对传质的加强作用高于具有空间位阻结构的AMP;活化溶液的CO2回收率和传质通量明显高于未活化的MDEA溶液,活化性能PZ〉AMP;活化剂的活化效应与分子结构有关;流体力学的改变对传质的影响有限,活化剂的反应动力学对传质的加强起主导作用;阻力层方程模型能较好地模拟膜基活化溶液回收CO2传质过程,传质通量和总传质系数的模型值与实验值符合较好。     

植被收割对滨海湿地沉积物中CO_2和N_2O释放的影响

为了揭示冬季滨海湿地植被收割对其沉积物中温室气体释放的影响,以长江入海口典型滨海湿地——崇明东滩为研究对象,观测季节性(冬季)植被收割(分别于收割后第0天、第10天、第30天、第60天采样)与不收割条件下芦苇(Phragmites australis)、米草(Spartina alterniflora)、芦苇-米草交互带和光滩沉积物中CO2与N2O的释放特征.结果表明:1米草和芦苇-米草交互带植被收割并未增加沉积物中CO2的释放(P0.05),但芦苇收割可能会增加N2O的释放(P0.05),说明植被收割对湿地沉积物中CO2和N2O释放的影响与植被类型密切相关.2与芦苇带相比,米草和芦苇-米草交互带沉积物中CO2累积释放量分别高出12%~57%和17%~43%,但芦苇植被覆盖下沉积物中N2O累积释放量分别比二者高出11%~81%和8%~95%.可见,米草和芦苇-米草交互带沉积物碳的呼吸损失明显高于芦苇带,但芦苇植被覆盖下沉积物中N2O逸失量相对较高.34种植被类型下,沉积物中N2O累积释放量为0.1~0.4 mg/kg,CO2累积释放量则高达1 024~2 645 mg/kg.因此,冬季滨海湿地植被收割不会显著增加N2O的温室效应,但选择性收割米草有望减少沉积物碳的呼吸损失.