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排序方式: 共有223条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Simas Angélica Mores Rúbia Steffens Juliana Dallago Rogério Marcos Kunz Airton Michelon William Fongaro Gislaine Viancelli Aline 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(1):495-499
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Swine production generates large volumes of wastewater, rich in organic matter, nutrients and pathogens. Electrodisinfection is used to remove organic matter and... 相似文献
2.
EVA/PLA blends compatibilized with EVA-g-PLA grafted copolymers synthesized by reactive extrusion, through transesterification reaction between ethylene-vinyl-acetate (EVA) and polylactide (PLA) using titanium propoxide (Ti(OPr)4) as catalyst, were characterized when exposed to different environments. Stability to UV radiation was assessed exposing the samples to a Xenon lamp, which simulates the sun UV spectrum and the biodegradability was evaluated by biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in a closed respirometer. Exposed samples were removed periodically and analyzed by several analytical techniques, such as, FTIR, DSC, rheology and tensile tests. The results obtained evidenced that UV radiation induces structural modifications, which affect substantially rheological and mechanical properties. Moreover, the blend with higher amount of copolymer exhibits lower photo durability and greater biodegradability. From the environmental point of view, these new materials are very promising for application with short lifetime, like packaging. 相似文献
3.
Juliana Janet M. Puzon Gilda C. Rivero Jocelyn E. Serrano 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(10):6889-6901
Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms. plantlets were grown in 0.1 and 1.0 ppm treatment solutions of Hoagland’s hydroponic solutions modified with Hg(NO3)2 in order to examine the specific cellular and biochemical mechanisms involved in the tolerance of this plant exposed to mercury. This study assessed the responses of chloroplast pigments, i.e., carotenoids and chlorophylls, and evaluated the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant systems. Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) revealed varying Hg2+ levels in the young and mature leaf tissues, with greater amounts of Hg2+ found in the tissues of the young leaves. Total chlorophyll levels, notably those of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids, showed significant elevation in young leaf tissues, while a decrease in their levels was observed in mature leaf tissues in comparison to those of the control plants. These results lend support to the protective role of increased chlorophyll and carotenoid levels in the photosynthetic apparatus of young E. crassipes leaves in the presence of Hg2+. The antioxidant responses of Hg-treated E. crassipes plants were also measured, revealing a highly significant increase in catalase units, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities, and mercury-binding thiols in leaves from Hg-treated plants. Moreover, substantial differences in the degree of oxidative injury between the cells in leaves from the control and Hg-treated plants were evidenced by the lipid peroxidation activities monitored. The Hg-treatment-induced significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels was observed in 0.1-ppm Hg(NO3)2-exposed plants, while a highly significant increase in MDA levels was noted in 1.0-ppm Hg(NO3)2-exposed plants. The high degree of lipid peroxidation at 1.0-ppm Hg treatment was evidently counteracted by the compensatory protective mechanism brought about by the increased levels in chloroplast pigments and the enhanced activities of the antioxidant systems. E. crassipes responded to mercury treatments by enhancing the synthesis of chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments, enzymatic, and nonenzymatic antioxidant substances, concomitantly increasing the antioxidative activities, thus rendering E. crassipes capable of tolerating Hg-induced stress. The potential of E. crassipes as a phytoremediator is evident. 相似文献
4.
5.
Anabela Rebelo Isabel Ferra Albertina Marques Manuela Moreira Silva 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(24):24560-24566
The chloroform is a substance that presents a significant risk to or via the aquatic environment. Thus, the emissions, discharges and losses of this substance need to be controlled during wastewater disinfection for reclamation and reuse purposes. Due to its carcinogenetic potential, multiple studies have been carried out on drinking and surface/natural waters but less consideration has been directed to the wastewater disinfection. The focus of this work studied the formation of chloroform during chlorination in prepared waters or artificial matrices that intended to simulate wastewaters stored in landscape ponds for green areas irrigation. The relation between reaction time, chlorine dose, and chloroform formation and the variation of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content during the reaction was assessed. A two-variant model was proposed to simulate breakpoint chlorination practices (when chlorine dose is equal or lower than chlorine demand) and super chlorination techniques (when chlorine dose tends to surpass chlorine demand). The model was validated by the application of actual data from working conditions of six wastewater treatment plants located in Algarve, Portugal, including other data obtained in previous research studies that were not used in the model development, and by comparing the predicted values with real measured ones. 相似文献
6.
Juliana Jiménez-Valencia Philip R. Kaufmann Ana Sattamini Riccardo Mugnai Darcilio Fernandes Baptista 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(8):4685-4695
Prompt assessment and management actions are required if we are to reduce the current rapid loss of habitat and biodiversity worldwide. Statistically valid quantification of the biota and habitat condition in water bodies are prerequisites for rigorous assessment of aquatic biodiversity and habitat. We assessed the ecological condition of streams in a southeastern Brazilian basin. We quantified the percentage of stream length in good, fair, and poor ecological condition according to benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage. We assessed the risk of finding degraded ecological condition associated with degraded aquatic riparian physical habitat condition, watershed condition, and water quality. We describe field sampling and implementation issues encountered in our survey and discuss design options to remedy them. Survey sample sites were selected using a spatially balanced, stratified random design, which enabled us to put confidence bounds on the ecological condition estimates derived from the stream survey. The benthic condition index indicated that 62 % of stream length in the basin was in poor ecological condition, and 13 % of stream length was in fair condition. The risk of finding degraded biological condition when the riparian vegetation and forests in upstream catchments were degraded was 2.5 and 4 times higher, compared to streams rated as good for the same stressors. We demonstrated that the GRTS statistical sampling method can be used routinely in Brazilian rain forests and other South American regions with similar conditions. This survey establishes an initial baseline for monitoring the condition and trends of streams in the region. 相似文献
7.
José Thales da Motta Portillo Vinícius Londe Francisco Wagner Araújo Moreira 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2017,21(1):139-144
In Brazil, few studies have been conducted about the assimilation of carbon and biomass accumulation in mangroves despite its great role as a carbon sink. In this sense, this study aimed to estimate the aboveground biomass (AGB) and carbon stocked by mangrove species in a stretch along the Piraquê-Açu River in southeastern Brazil, and to verify their relation with some soil parameters. For such, the height and diameter of all trees inside six plots of 100 m2 were measured and used to quantify AGB through an allometric equation, and soil samples were collected to calculate granulometry, humidity, time of infiltration and permeability. Multiple regressions were used to identify relations between AGB and soil parameters. A total of 296 trees were found in the area and the AGB and carbon assimilated were 2.92 t ha?1 and 1.46 t ha?1, respectively. Laguncularia racemosa was the most abundant species and contributed with 61% of these values. Only a positive relation between AGB/carbon of L. racemosa and soil humidity was found, probably due to the substrate characteristics which contain a large concentration of silt/clay, and may store more water and do not yet provide firmness to the roots. By comparison, this mangrove had a low amount of AGB and carbon stocked and has yet to develop structurally. Along with other ecological functions and its associated ecosystem services such as supplying food for the local community, these features highlight the importance to conserve the studied mangrove and the interlinked coastal ecosystems. 相似文献
8.
do A Kehrig H Seixas TG Palermo EA Baêta AP Castelo-Branco CW Malm O Moreira I 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2009,16(1):10-24
Background, aim, and scope Selenium (Se) has been shown to reduce mercury (Hg) bioavailability and trophic transfer in aquatic ecosystems. The study
of methylmercury (MeHg) and Se bioaccumulation by plankton is therefore of great significance in order to obtain a better
understanding of the estuarine processes concerning Hg and Se accumulation and biomagnification throughout the food web. In
the western South Atlantic, few studies have documented trace element and MeHg in fish tissues. No previous study about trace
elements and MeHg in plankton has been conducted concerning tropical marine food webs. Se, Hg, and MeHg were determined in
two size classes of plankton, microplankton (70–290 μm) and mesoplankton (≥290 μm), and also in muscle tissues and livers
of four fish species of different trophic levels (Mugil liza, a planktivorous fish; Bagre spp., an omnivorous fish; Micropogonias furnieri, a benthic carnivorous fish; and Centropomus undecimalis, a pelagic carnivorous fish) from a polluted estuary in the Brazilian Southeast coast, Guanabara Bay. Biological and ecological
factors such as body length, feeding habits, and trophic transfer were considered in order to outline the relationships between
these two elements. The differences in trace element levels among the different trophic levels were investigated.
Materials and methods Fish were collected from July 2004 to August 2005 at Guanabara Bay. Plankton was collected from six locations within the bay
in August 2005. Total mercury (THg) was determined by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS) with sodium borohydride
as a reducing agent. MeHg analysis was conducted by digesting samples with an alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution followed
by dithizone-toluene extraction. MeHg was then identified and quantified in the toluene layer by gas chromatography with an
electron capture detector (GC-ECD). Se was determined by AAS using graphite tube with Pin platform and Zeeman background correction.
Results and discussion Total mercury, MeHg, and Se increased with plankton size class. THg and Se values were below 2.0 and 4.8 μg g−1 dry wt in microplankton and mesoplankton, respectively. A large excess of molar concentrations of Se in relation to THg was
observed in both plankton size class and both fish tissues. Plankton presented the lowest concentrations of this element.
In fish, the liver showed the highest THg and Se concentrations. THg and Se in muscle were higher in Centropomus undecimalis (3.4 and 25.5 nmol g−1) than in Micropogonias furnieri (2.9 and 15.3 nmol g−1), Bagre spp (1.3 and 3.4 nmol g−1) and Mugil liza (0.3 and 5.1 nmol g−1), respectively. The trophic transfer of THg and Se was observed between trophic levels from prey (considering microplankton
and mesoplankton) to top predator (fish). The top predators in this ecosystem, Centropomus undecimalis and Micropogonias furnieri, presented similar MeHg concentrations in muscles and liver. Microplankton presented lower ratios of methylmercury to total
mercury concentration (MeHg/THg) (34%) than those found in mesoplankton (69%) and in the muscle of planktivorous fish, Mugil liza (56%). The other fish species presented similar MeHg/THg in muscle tissue (of around 100%). M. liza showed lower MeHg/THg in the liver than C. undecimalis (35%), M. furnieri (31%) and Bagre spp. (22%). Significant positive linear relationships were observed between the molar concentrations of THg and Se in the
muscle tissue of M. furnieri and M. liza. These fish species also showed significant inverse linear relationships between hepatic MeHg and Se, suggesting a strong
antagonistic effect of Se on MeHg assimilation and accumulation.
Conclusions Differences found among the concentrations THg, MeHg, and Se in microplankton, mesozooplankton, and fishes were probably related
to the preferred prey and bioavailability of these elements in the marine environment. The increasing concentration of MeHg
and Se at successively higher trophic levels of the food web of Guanabara Bay corresponds to a transfer between trophic levels
from the lower trophic level to the top-level predator, suggesting that MeHg and Se were biomagnified throughout the food
web. Hg and Se were positively correlated with the fish standard length, suggesting that larger and older fish bioaccumulated
more of these trace elements. THg, MeHg, and Se were a function of the plankton size.
Recommendations and perspectives There is a need to assess the role of selenium in mercury accumulation in tropical ecosystems. Without further studies of
the speciation of selenium in livers of fishes from this region, the precise role of this element, if any, cannot be verified
in positively affecting mercury accumulation. Further studies of this element in the study of marine species should include
liver samples containing relatively high concentrations of mercury. A basin-wide survey of selenium in fishes is also recommended. 相似文献
9.
Mendes Rafael Farinassi Narciso Carolina Rezende Pinto Mendes Juliana Farinassi Viana Queilla Santos Eugênio Tony Matheus Carvalho Vilela Alan Pereira 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(28):37217-37230
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The development of building materials using new types of raw materials is currently on demand by society and the industry. It is intended to reduce... 相似文献
10.
Pavlova Ekaterina Pashkunova-Martic Irena Schaier Martin Petrova Emilia Gluhcheva Yordanka Dorkov Peter Helbich Thomas H. Keppler Bernhard Koellensperger Gunda Ivanova Juliana 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(6):6784-6795
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, we compare the effects of deferiprone (Def) and tetraethylammonium salt of salinomycinic acid (Sal) on lead (Pb)-induced toxicity in... 相似文献