Protective effect of Syzygium cumini against pesticide-induced cardiotoxicity

Pesticide-induced toxicity is a serious issue which has resulted in plethora of diseases all over the world. The organophosphate pesticide malathion has caused many incidents of poisoning such as cardiac manifestations. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of Syzygium cumini on malathion-induced cardiotoxicity. Dose optimization of malathion and polyphenols such as curcumin, (?)-epicatechin, gallic acid, butylated hydroxyl toluene, etc. was done by MTT cell proliferation assay. Nuclear deformities, ROS production, and integrity of extra cellular matrix components were analyzed by different techniques. S. cumini methanolic pulp extract (MPE), a naturally derived gallic acid-enriched antioxidant was taken to study its effect on malathion-induced toxicity. Nuclear deformities, ROS production, and integrity of extra cellular matrix components were also analyzed. Twenty micrograms per milliliter LD50 dose of malathion was found to cause stress-mediated responses in H9C2 cell line. Among all the polyphenols, gallic acid showed the most significant protection against stress. Gallic acid-enriched methanolic S. cumini pulp extract (MPE) showed 59.76 %?±?0.05, 81.61 %?±?1.37, 73.33 %?±?1.33, 77.19 %?±?2.38 and 64.19 %?±?1.43 maximum inhibition for DPPH, ABTS, NO, H₂O₂ and superoxide ion, respectively, as compared to ethanolic pulp extract and aqueous pulp extract. Our study suggests that S. cumini MPE has the ability to protect against the malathion-mediated oxidative stress in cardiac myocytes.     

A lab fermenter level study on anaerobic hydrogen fermentation using potato peel waste: effect of pH,temperature, and substrate pre-treatment

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Decades have passed, facing the energy crisis and environmental pollution and researching various possible solutions to tackle them. The use of...     

Greenhouse gas emission from rice fields: a review from Indian context

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Agricultural soil acts as a source and sink of important greenhouse gases (GHGs) like methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2)....     

Assessing combined toxic effects of tetracycline and P25 titanium dioxide nanoparticles using Allium cepa bioassay

• UVA pre-irradiation to TiO₂ NPs enhanced its toxicity toward plant A. cepa. • UVA TiO₂ NPs increased intracellular ROS, resulting in more cell damage. • Cell death enhanced cell permeability and increased uptake of NPs. • Being highly toxic (EC₅₀ = 0.097 µmol/L), TC did not increase ROS generation. • Even at a low dose, TC enhanced the toxic potential of TiO₂ NPs significantly. Usage of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) and tetracycline (TC) has increased significantly in the present era. This leads to their release and accumulation in the environment. Both the compounds, individually, can have adverse toxic effects on the plants. Their binary mixtures can increase this degree of damage. The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of both the contaminants in individual and binary mixtures in Allium cepa. Further, the toxicity of TiO₂ NPs upon UVA pre-irradiation was also measured. Results showed that UVA pre-irradiated NPs (UVA-TiO₂ NPs) had a significant decrease in cell viability than their non-irradiated counterparts (NI-TiO₂), denoting an increase in photocatalytic activity upon UVA pre-irradiation. Very low concentrations of TC (EC₁₀ = 0.016 µmol/L) mixed with TiO₂ NPs significantly increased the toxicity for both UVA-TiO₂ and NI-TiO₂ NPs. Intracellular ROS generation was significantly high for UVA-TiO₂ NPs. However, TC did not have any effects on ROS production. Both the compounds exhibited genotoxic potential in A. cepa. Different chromosomal abnormalities like anaphase bridges, telophase bridges, laggard chromosomes, binucleate cells, etc. were observed. The binary mixture of UVA-TiO₂ NPs and TC showed the highest chromosomal aberrations (64.0%±1.26%) than the mixture with NI-TiO₂ or the individual contaminants. This decreased significantly after recovery (46.8%±1.92%), denoting the self-repair processes. This study proved that UVA-TiO₂ NPs were more toxic and could be enhanced further when mixed with a sub-lethal concentration of TC. This work will help to assess the risk of both compounds in the environment.     

Development and operation of immobilized cell plug flow bioreactor (PFR) for treatment of textile industry effluent and evaluation of its working efficiency

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The release of untreated/partially treated effluent and solid waste from textile dyeing industries, having un-reacted dyes, their hydrolysed products...