Exploring the spatial pattern of renewable energy technology innovation: evidence from China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Considering the obvious regional differences in China, research on the drivers for renewable energy technology innovation (RETI) needs to fully...     

汇流阈值对提取叶尔羌河上游流域面积高程积分的影响

不同地貌单元,其汇流阈值的界定差异较大,而不同的汇流阈值直接影响河流长度、河网密度以及集水区面积的提取结果,因此,汇流阈值的界定是提取流域面积高程积分的关键.以叶尔羌河上游流域为研究对象,基于不同分辨率数字高程模型数据对叶尔羌河上游流域面积高程积分的提取结果,确定适宜分辨率的数字高程模型数据,探讨不同汇流阈值对叶尔羌河上游流域面积高程积分的影响.结果显示:(1)所选不同分辨率高程(DEM)数据提取的叶尔羌河上游流域面积高程积分的参数和空间分布特征变化较小,面积高程积分对数字高程数据的分辨率依赖性不强.(2)整体上,叶尔羌河上游流域面积高程积分最大值随汇流阈值的增大呈阶段性减小趋势,最小值呈阶段性增加趋势,均值呈波动状态,但逐渐趋于稳定.当汇流阈值为27000时,面积高程积分均值、最大值和最小值均趋于稳定,其可能是提取叶尔羌河上游流域面积高程积分的稳定阈值.     

Carbon source/sink function of a subtropical, eutrophic lake determined from an overall mass balance and a gas exchange and carbon burial balance

Although studies on carbon burial in lake sediments have shown that lakes are disproportionately important carbon sinks, many studies on gaseous carbon exchange across the water-air interface have demonstrated that lakes are supersaturated with CO(2) and CH(4) causing a net release of CO(2) and CH(4) to the atmosphere. In order to more accurately estimate the net carbon source/sink function of lake ecosystems, a more comprehensive carbon budget is needed, especially for gaseous carbon exchange across the water-air interface. Using two methods, overall mass balance and gas exchange and carbon burial balance, we assessed the carbon source/sink function of Lake Donghu, a subtropical, eutrophic lake, from April 2003 to March 2004. With the overall mass balance calculations, total carbon input was 14 905 t, total carbon output was 4950 t, and net carbon budget was +9955 t, suggesting that Lake Donghu was a great carbon sink. For the gas exchange and carbon burial balance, gaseous carbon (CO(2) and CH(4)) emission across the water-air interface totaled 752 t while carbon burial in the lake sediment was 9477 t. The ratio of carbon emission into the atmosphere to carbon burial into the sediment was only 0.08. This low ratio indicates that Lake Donghu is a great carbon sink. Results showed good agreement between the two methods with both showing Lake Donghu to be a great carbon sink. This results from the high primary production of Lake Donghu, substantive allochthonous carbon inputs and intensive anthropogenic activity. Gaseous carbon emission accounted for about 15% of the total carbon output, indicating that the total output would be underestimated without including gaseous carbon exchange.     

2014年武汉东湖水生植物多样性及其分布特征

全球众多湖泊发生富营养化并造成诸多环境问题,为了解武汉东湖数十年富营养化历程中水生植物多样性和分布情况,2014年对武汉东湖的4个主要湖区沿岸带的水生植物进行了调查,包括郭郑湖、汤林湖、团湖和后湖4个湖区,总共设置20个采样点,每个采样点设3个样方（沿岸带挺水植被,1 m×1 m;沉水植物,0.2 m×0.2 m）.结果表明:东湖现存水生植物共计16科17属19种,其中狭叶香蒲、莲和菱是优势种,挺水植物、沉水植物、浮叶植物和漂浮植物分别为10、6、2和1种;东湖主要水生植物群落类型有7种,除了挺水植物群丛外,浮叶植物和沉水植物的群丛都是单优结构,植物群落分布面积为0.13 km2,仅占东湖总面积的0.48%.与历史数据对比发现,自20世纪50年代以来,东湖水生植物的多样性指数降低、分布极度萎缩,东湖大部分水生植物群落结构趋于单优化.研究显示,造成东湖植被衰退的主要原因是湖泊的逐渐富营养化、草食性鱼类的过度放养和生境的破坏.      

土壤和地下水耦合数值模拟研究进展

土壤和地下水在水分运移、污染物迁移转化等方面高度相关,基于数值模拟预测土壤和地下水耦合污染趋势可以为土壤与地下水污染协同防治工作提供定量化技术支撑。文章综述了土壤和地下水数值模拟方法,总结了土壤和地下水中水流和溶质运移的耦合数值模拟研究进展,并对耦合数值模拟研究的未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

晚中新世以来帕米尔高原生长过程及其与塔里木盆地气候变化可能的联系

帕米尔高原是我国极端干旱区——塔里木盆地的西部边界,也是青藏高原西部构造结所处的位置,所以,它的构造演化过程对于研究青藏高原生长过程及塔里木盆地的干旱化历史具有重要的意义。本文通过帕米尔高原东北部正断裂活动的空间展布、活动性质及运动时代的分析,结合最近构造观测结果,提出帕米尔高原在晚中新世已经隆升到了能够影响西风气流通过的高度。尽管高原在晚中新世已经存在东西向的拉张应力,木吉-塔什库尔干谷地可能最终形成于早-中更新世。这一事件奠定了作为喜马拉雅山到南天山之间过渡的帕米尔高原的现今地貌形态及塔里木盆地的气候特征背景。本文结合西昆仑北部及南天山的古地理演化及构造运动证据分析,提出帕米尔高原晚中新世以来的构造地貌演化可能是塔里木盆地晚中新世干旱化加剧的主要原因,中更新世气候代用指标解释复杂性可能也与此密切相关,全球变冷和特提斯海西退可能对晚中新世以来的气候变化也有一定的贡献。     

硫酸盐对镉污染下南美天胡荽生长、镉富集及生理生化特性的影响

为探明硫酸盐对园林植物南美天胡荽（Hydrocotyle vulgaris Linn.）生长、镉（Cd）富集及生理生化特性的影响,采用水培的方式研究了不同浓度Cd²⁺（1、2、4 mg?L^-1）添加不同浓度硫酸盐（0、200、400 μmol?L^-1）对南美天胡荽Cd累积、日平均增长量（MDIB）、净光合速率、抗氧化系统及渗透调节物质等的影响.结果表明,随着Cd处理浓度的增加,南美天胡荽水上部和水下部Cd含量及活性氧物质（ROS）呈显著（p<0.05）增加的变化趋势,但降低了植物的净光合速率（P_n）、叶绿素含量及MDIB值,抑制了植物的生长;硫酸盐添加缓解了Cd对南美天胡荽的胁迫,提高了抗坏血酸酶（APX）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性,以及谷胱甘肽（GSH）、植物络合素（PCs）、游离脯氨酸含量和光合速率,尤其是4 mg?L^-1 Cd添加400 μmol?L^-1硫酸盐处理效果最好.此时,GSH和PCs含量较对照分别增加了48.78%和46.09%,P_n、叶绿素a（Chla）、叶绿素b（Chlb）、叶绿素a/b（Chla/b）及类胡萝卜素（Car）提高了6.61%~43.40%,MDIB提高了118.29%.本研究结果可为硫酸盐缓解植物重金属胁迫研究提供理论依据, 并可为应用园林植物南美天胡荽联合硫酸盐修复Cd污染环境提供参考.     

Exploring the association between resource dependence and haze pollution in China: the mediating effect of green technology innovation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Haze pollution has been addressed in extensive studies over the last few years. However, the relationship between resource dependence and haze...     

The change of gaseous carbon fluxes following the switch of dominant producers from macrophytes to algae in a shallow subtropical lake of China

Successions of lake ecosystems from clear-water, macrophyte-rich conditions into turbid states with abundant phytoplankton have taken place in many shallow lakes in China. However, little is know about the change of carbon fluxes in lakes during such processes. We conducted a case study in Lake Biandantang to investigate the change of carbon fluxes during such a regime shift. Dissolved aquatic carbon and gaseous carbon (methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂)) across air–water interface in three sites with different vegetation covers and compositions were studied and compared. CH₄ emissions from three sites were 0.62±0.36, 0.70±0.36, and 1.31±0.57 mg m⁻² h⁻¹, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that macrophytes, rather than phytoplankton, directly positively affected CH₄ emission. CO₂ fluxes of three sites in Lake Biandantang were significantly different, and the average values were 77.8±20.4, 52.2±14.1 and 3.6±26.8 mg m⁻² h⁻¹, respectively. There were an evident trend that the larger macrophyte biomass, the lower CO₂ emissions. Correlation analysis showed that in different sites, dominant plant controlled CO₂ flux across air–water interface. In a year cycle, the percents of gaseous carbon release from lake accounting for net primary production were significantly different (from 39.3% to 2.8%), indicating that with the decline of macrophytes and regime shift, the lake will be a larger carbon source to the atmosphere.